Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was popular in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. It originated in the Île-de-France region of northern France as a development of Norman architecture. The style at the time was sometimes known as opus Francigenum ; the term Gothic was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the architecture of classical antiquity.
Notre-Dame de Paris, referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral was consecrated to the Virgin Mary and is considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture. Its pioneering use of the rib vault and flying buttress, its enormous and colourful rose windows, as well as the naturalism and abundance of its sculptural decoration set it apart from the earlier Romanesque style. Major musical components that make Notre Dame stand out include its three pipe organs, one of which is historic; and its immense church bells.
Vitoria-Gasteiz is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and of the province of Álava in northern Spain. It holds the autonomous community's House of Parliament, the headquarters of the Government, and the Lehendakari's official residency. The municipality—which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around—is the largest in the Basque Country, with a total area of 276.81 square kilometres (106.88 sq mi), and it has a population of 252,571. The dwellers of Vitoria-Gasteiz are called vitorianos or gasteiztarrak, while traditionally they are dubbed babazorros.
Salamanca is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, Valladolid, Ávila, and Cáceres, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km² and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Antoing is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.
Charles Alexandre de Calonne, titled Count of Hannonville in 1759, was a French statesman, best known for his involvement in the French Revolution.
Les Authieux-sur-Calonne is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.
Hazebrouck is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France. It was a small market town in Flanders until it became an important railway junction in the 1860s. West Flemish was the usual language until 1880, when French was taught at school by mandate of the French government in an effort to "Frenchify" the people of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and to extinguish their Flemish roots. The development of the railways linked Hazebrouck to Lille to Calais and Dunkirk.
Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges is a commune (municipality) and former episcopal see in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. It is a member of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de France association.
An Assembly of Notables was a group of high-ranking nobles, ecclesiastics, and state functionaries convened by the King of France on extraordinary occasions to consult on matters of state. Assemblymen were prominent men, usually of the aristocracy, and included royal princes, peers, archbishops, high-ranking judges, and, in some cases, major town officials. The king would issue one or more reforming edicts after hearing their advice.
Louis Charles Auguste Le Tonnelier, Baron de Breteuil, Baron de Preuilly was a French aristocrat, diplomat and statesman. He was the last Prime Minister of the Bourbon Monarchy, appointed by King Louis XVI only one hundred hours before the storming of the Bastille.
Jacques Calonne is a Belgian artist, composer, singer, actor, logogramist, and writer.
Calonne-Ricouart is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Calonne-sur-la-Lys is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Wailly-Beaucamp is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
The Clarence is a river in northern France whose 33-kilometre (21 mi) course crosses the department of Pas-de-Calais.
Saint-Remy-la-Calonne is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
Merville – Calonne Airport is a regional airport in France. It is located 3 km south of Merville, in northern France. The airport supports general aviation with no commercial airline service scheduled.
Communauté d'agglomération de Béthune-Bruay, Artois-Lys Romane is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Béthune and Bruay-la-Buissière. It is located in the Pas-de-Calais department, in the Hauts-de-France regions, northern France. It was created in January 2017 by the merger of the former communauté d'agglomération de Béthune Bruay Nœux et environs and the former communautés de communes Artois-Lys and Artois-Flandres. Its population was 281,951 in 2014.
Belgium 
Wallonia 
Hainaut 
Antoing 
