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An elementary school is a primary school which is the main point of delivery of primary education in the United States, for children between the ages of 5–11 and coming between pre-kindergarten and secondary education.
The Progressive Education Association was a group dedicated to the spread of progressive education in American public schools from 1919 to 1955. The group focused on pedagogy in elementary schools through the twenties. The group turned towards public schools and sociopolitical issues in the early 1930s, and launched three commissions into progressive school topics. The Eight-Year Study tested how American progressive secondary schools would prepare their students for college when released from the curricular restrictions of college admissions requirements. The other two commissions addressed curriculum towards the needs of democracy and students, and teaching materials to serve children's psychological needs. After a peak of activity in the late 1930s, the group struggled to regain its position of thought leadership and reconcile the competing interests within the group. It collapsed in the mid-1950s amidst rising anti-progressive education sentiment in cultural trends including political conservatism and anti-intellectualism, school standardization, and emphasis on vocational education.
References
- 1 2 Scherer, Melissa. "The Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education" . Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ↑ Kliebard, Herbert M. Changing Course: American Curriculum Reform in the 20th Century , p. 39, at Google Books
- ↑ Kridel, Craig (ed.) Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies, Volume 1 , p. 97, at Google Books
- Hirsch, E.D (1988), Cultural Literacy, Random House, Inc., p. 118