Pope Innocent IX (r. 1591) created two cardinals in one consistory on 18 December 1591:
1. Filippo Sega, bishop of Piacenza – cardinal-priest of S. Onofrio (received the title on 5 December 1594), † 29 May 1596
2. Giovanni Antonio Faccinetti de Nuce, grand-nephew of the Pope – cardinal-deacon without the title, then cardinal-priest of SS. IV Coronati (4 March 1592), † 18 May 1606
Pope Gregory XIV, born Niccolò Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 December 1590 to his death in October 1591.
Pope Innocent IX, born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 October to 30 December 1591.
Pope Innocent XIII, born as Michelangelo dei Conti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 May 1721 to his death in March 1724. He is the last pope to date to take the pontifical name of "Innocent" upon his election.
Antonio Carafa was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal from the House of Carafa.
Francesco Martelli was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal.
The 1592 papal conclave elected Pope Clement VIII in succession to Pope Innocent IX.
Cesare Facchinetti was an Italian Catholic Cardinal.
Pope Gregory XIV created five new cardinals in two consistories:
Marco Antonio Colonna (1523–1597) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Gregorio Petrocchini was an Italian cardinal at the end of sixteenth and early seventeenth century.
Girolamo Rusticucci was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. He was personal secretary to Cardinal Michele Ghislieri, later Pope Pius V, who made Rusticucci a cardinal. He occupied numerous important positions, including papal legate to France and Spain, Camerlengo (treasurer) and Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals, and Vicar General of Rome.
Pedro de Deza (1520–1600) was a Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.
Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga (1540–1591) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.
Filippo Spinola was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Simeone Tagliavia d'Aragonia (1550–1604) was a Sicilian cardinal and bishop.
Scipione Lancelotti (1527–1598) was an Italian who became a cardinal within the Roman Catholic Church.
Francesco Sforza (1562–1624) was an Italian cardinal and bishop.
Alessandro Crescenzi, C.R.S. was a Roman Catholic cardinal who served as Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1685–1688), Archbishop of Recanati e Loreto (1676–1682), Titular Patriarch of Alexandria (1671–1676), Bishop of Bitonto (1652–1668), Bishop of Ortona a Mare e Campli (1644–1652), and Bishop of Termoli (1643–1644).
Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona, seniore (1560–1612) was an Itaian Roman Catholic cardinal and archbishop.