Guyana is a parliamentary republic in which the President of Guyana is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President,advised by a cabinet. Legislative power is vested in both the President and the National Assembly of Guyana. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The history of Guyana begins about 35,000 years ago with the arrival of humans coming from Eurasia. These migrants became the Carib and Arawak tribes,who met Alonso de Ojeda's first expedition from Spain in 1499 at the Essequibo River. In the ensuing colonial era,Guyana's government was defined by the successive policies of the French,Dutch,and British settlers. During the colonial period,Guyana's economy was focused on plantation agriculture,which initially depended on slave labor. Guyana saw major slave rebellions in 1763 and 1823. Following the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833,800,000 enslaved Africans in the Caribbean and South Africa were freed,resulting in plantations contracting indentured workers,mainly from India. Eventually,these Indians joined forces with Afro-Guyanese to demand equal rights in government and society. After the Second World War,the British Empire pursued policy decolonization of its overseas territories,with independence granted to British Guiana on May 26,1966. Following independence,Forbes Burnham rose to power,quickly becoming an authoritarian leader,pledging to bring socialism to Guyana. His power began to weaken following international attention brought to Guyana in wake of the Jonestown mass murder suicide in 1978.
The president of Guyana is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana,as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic,according to the Constitution of Guyana. The president is also the chancellor of the Orders of Guyana. Concurrent with their constitutional role as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces,the president does not appoint a separate Minister of Defence. That portfolio is held by the president who fulfils all responsibilities designated to a minister of defence under the Defence Act.
Samuel Rudolph Insanally was a Guyanese diplomat. He was Guyana's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1987 onwards and was Minister of Minister of Foreign Affairs of Guyana from 2001 to 2008.
Hugh Desmond Hoyte was a Guyanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992.
Moses Veerasammy Nagamootoo is a Guyanese politician,writer and novelist who served as the Prime Minister of Guyana under former President David A. Granger from May 2015 to August 2020.
The Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute between Guyana and Venezuela over the Essequibo region,also known as Esequibo or Guayana Esequiba in Spanish,a 159,500 km2 (61,600 sq mi) area west of the Essequibo River. The territory,excluding the Venezuelan-controlled Ankoko Island,is controlled by Guyana as part of six of its regions,based on the 1899 Paris Arbitral Award. It is also claimed by Venezuela as the Guayana Esequiba State. The boundary dispute was inherited from the colonial powers and has persisted following the independence of Venezuela and Guyana.
Pt. Reepu Daman Persaud was a Guyanese politician from the People's Progressive Party/Civic.
Guyana,officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana,is a country on the northern coast of South America,part of the historic mainland British West Indies. Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city. Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north,Brazil to the south and southwest,Venezuela to the west,and Suriname to the east. With a land area of 214,969 km2 (83,000 sq mi),Guyana is the third-smallest sovereign state by area in mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname,and is the second-least populous sovereign state in South America after Suriname;it is also one of the least densely populated countries on Earth. The official language of the country is English,although a large part of the population is bilingual in English and the indigenous languages. It has a wide variety of natural habitats and very high biodiversity. The country also hosts a part of the Amazon rainforest,the largest tropical rainforest in the world.
Guyana–Venezuela relations include diplomatic,economic and other interactions between the neighboring countries of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Arthur Peter Mutharika is a Malawian politician and lawyer who was President of Malawi from May 2014 to June 2020. Mutharika has worked in the field of international justice,specialising in international economic law,international law and comparative constitutional law. He informally served as an adviser to his older brother,President Bingu wa Mutharika,on issues of foreign and domestic policy from the onset of his election campaign until the President's death on 5 April 2012.
The Honourable or The Honorable is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people,usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
Vice presidents of Guyana is a political position in Guyana. The Prime Minister of Guyana serves as the First Vice President and acts as the constitutional successor for the President of Guyana in case of a vacancy. Historically,other members of the cabinet have also been appointed as Vice Presidents,who can perform the functions of the President. Vice presidency was created in October 1980 when the executive presidency was created.
Mohamed Shahabuddeen was a Guyanese politician and judge. He was judge of the International Court of Justice,judge and twice vice president of the Yugoslavia tribunal and arbitrator and judicial tribunal of the International Criminal Court.
Snap general elections were held in Guyana on 2 March 2020. They were called early after the government of President David A. Granger lost a vote of no confidence by a margin of 33–32 on 21 December 2018,the government having held a one-seat majority since the 2015 elections. However,one of its own MPs,Charrandas Persaud of the Alliance for Change (AFC),voted with the opposition. Granger announced on 25 September 2019 that the elections would be held on 2 March 2020.
Mohamed Irfaan Ali is a Guyanese politician serving as the tenth and current president of Guyana since 2020. A member of the People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C),he previously served as the minister of Housing and Water from 2009 to 2015. He is the first Muslim to hold office,and is the second Muslim head of state in the Americas after Noor Hassanali of Trinidad and Tobago.
Karen Roslyn Vanessa Cummings is a Guyanese politician who was the country's Foreign Minister from May 2019 to August 2020.
The Ministry of Finance is the government ministry of Guyana responsible for fostering economic development by managing and maintaining public finances and providing a positive framework for public and private initiatives. The ministry is located in the capital city,Georgetown.
Events in the year 2020 in Guyana.
Hugh Hilton Todd is a Guyanese politician who serves as Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Guyana since 2020.
