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Orthodontics is a dentistry specialty that addresses the diagnosis, prevention, management, and correction of mal-positioned teeth and jaws, as well as misaligned bite patterns. It may also address the modification of facial growth, known as dentofacial orthopedics.
Prognathism is a positional relationship of the mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull.
In dentistry, overjet is the extent of horizontal (anterior-posterior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors. In class II malocclusion the overjet is increased as the maxillary central incisors are protruded.
Cephalometric analysis is the clinical application of cephalometry. It is analysis of the dental and skeletal relationships of a human skull. It is frequently used by dentists, orthodontists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons as a treatment planning tool. Two of the more popular methods of analysis used in orthodontology are the Steiner analysis and the Downs analysis. There are other methods as well which are listed below.
James A. McNamara Jr. is an American-trained, board certified, orthodontist. He is known for his development of McNamara analysis, one of the more popular methods of cephalometric analysis in cephalometry.
Cecil C. Steiner was a dentist and one of Edward H. Angle's first students in 1921. He developed a form of cephalometric analysis, presented in 1953, referred to as the Steiner method of analysis.
Dr. Ravindra Nanda is a professor and Head of the Department of Craniofacial Sciences and Chair of the Division of Orthodontics at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine. He is part of the founding faculty of School of Dental Medicine and has been at the University of Connecticut since 1972 where he also holds an Alumni Chair in the Orthodontics Division. He is an innovator of various appliances in orthodontics. His research and clinical interests include adolescent and adult orthodontics, the biology of tooth mobility, craniofacial orthopedics, biomechanics and developing efficient mechanics to deliver orthodontic care.
Charles J. Burstone was an American orthodontist who was notable for his contributions to biomechanics and force-systems in the field of orthodontics. He was well known for co-development of new orthodontic material such as beta titanium, nickel titanium, and long fiber-reinforced composite. He wrote more than 200 articles in scientific fields.
Birdsall Holly Broadbent Jr. was an American orthodontist known for this contributions to the field of orthodontics. He co-developed the Bolton Standards along with his grandfather Birdsall Holly II. The work is based on the Broadbent-Bolton Growth study, which the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation has called "the most complete human craniofacial growth study in the world".
Joseph R. Jarabak was an American orthodontist. He was chair of orthodontic program at Loyola University Chicago Orthodontic Program and has made many contributions to orthodontics over the years, one of them being Jarabak Analysis, which was developed in 1972. Jarabak Analysis is one of the Cephalometric analysis that interprets how the craniofacial growth may affect the pre and post treatment dentition.
William B. Downs was an American orthodontist who is known for developing the first cephalometric analysis for orthodontics, the Downs analysis.
Ronald H. Roth was an American orthodontist who is known for his contributions to orthodontic field. Roth introduced his "Roth Prescription" in 1975 for straight-wire brackets and is also known for his philosophy, which includes the correction of malocclusion in harmony with the functional occlusion.
T. M. "Tom" Graber was an American orthodontist known for his contributions to the field of orthodontics. Graber wrote 28 books on orthodontics and dental anatomy. He also wrote chapters in more than 20 books and over 175 published articles.
Jacob Amos Salzmann (1901–1992) was an American orthodontist who is known for developing an assessment index for determining malocclusion. This index has been adopted by ADA Council of Dental Health, the Council on Dental Care Programs, and by the American Association of Orthodontists.
Herbert Israel Margolis was an American orthodontist who was known for his contributions towards field of Orthodontics. He was the President of American Academy of Dental Science and contributed in developing what is known as Margolis Cephalostat which is used in orthodontic diagnosis. He also developed the ACCO appliance.
Lester Levern Merrifield was an American orthodontist known for his contributions in developing the Tweed-Merrifield philosophy with the Edgewise brackets during the 1950s. He was a previous President of Charles H. Tweed Foundation.
Dr. Robert M. Ricketts was an American orthodontist known for many contributions in the field of orthodontics. Most important contributions were related to his development of Ricketts' Cephalometric Analysis and an .018-inch slot in an orthodontic bracket. His research focused on the growth and structural variation of the face and jaws.
George Northcroft was a British orthodontist who is known for his contributions in the formation of the British Orthodontic Society. The society was initially formed in 1907 as British Society for the Study of Orthodontics (BSSO) and the name later changed to British Orthodontic Society. He also played an important role in formation of the Dental Act of 1921 which made dentistry a profession in Great Britain.
Reed Holdaway was an American orthodontist who is known for developing the Holdaway soft tissue analysis. He was past president of the American Board of Orthodontists and Rocky Mountain Association of Orthodontists.
Hans Peter Bimler was a German orthodontist who was known for developing the Bimler appliance. He also developed the first Roentgenphotogramm in 1939. Hans also developed the elastic bite former during World War II.
References
- ↑ Gugino, Carl F. (1977-01-01). An orthodontic philosophy. RM Communications.
- 1 2 "carl gugino bio". carlgugino.com. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
- ↑ "About Great Lakes Orthodontics - Great Lakes Orthodontics". www.greatlakesortho.com. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
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