Georges Benjamin Clemenceau was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A key figure of the Independent Radicals, he was a strong advocate of separation of church and state, and the amnesty of the Communards exiled to New Caledonia. Clemenceau, a physician turned journalist, played a central role in the politics of the Third Republic.
Aristide Pierre Henri Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (1918–1939).
Albert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.
Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger, nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the second decade of the Third Republic, he won multiple elections. At the zenith of his popularity in January 1889, he was feared to be powerful enough to establish himself as dictator. His base of support was the working-class districts of Paris and other cities, plus rural traditionalist Catholics and royalists. He introduced an obsessive and almost pathological anti-German sentiment, known as revanchism, which demanded the complete destruction of Imperial Germany as vengeance for the defeat and fall of the Second French Empire during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), into French culture and accordingly laid the foundations for the outbreak of the First World War.
The Medal of a liberated France was a decoration of the French Republic created by decree on 12 September 1947 and originally named the "Medal of Gratitude of a Liberated France". It was intended as a reward for French and foreign nationals that had made a notable contribution to the liberation of France from the German occupation.
Poilu is an informal term for a late 18th century–early 20th century French infantryman, meaning, literally, the hairy one. It is still widely used as a term of endearment for the French infantry of World War I. The word carries the sense of the infantryman's typically rustic, agricultural background, and derives from the bushy moustaches and other facial hair affected by many French soldiers after the outbreak of the war as a sign of masculinity. The poilu was particularly known for his love of pinard, his ration of cheap wine.
Charles Emmanuel Marie Mangin was a French general during World War I.
The Ticket t+ is the standard single trip ticket for Paris public transit. It can be bought from ticket machines or staffed counters, but not on board buses. As of 2024, it is available as a single paper ticket at the price of €2.15. Since 2019, the ticket can also be loaded onto a reusable Navigo Easy card, which can be purchased for €2 at staffed ticket counters and select ticket vending machines. When using Navigo Easy, the ticket is also available as a pack of 10 at a reduced price of €17.35. Starting 2021, Île-de-France Mobilités is in the process of phasing out the use of paper tickets, and as of September 2023 has discontinued offering a carnet discount for paper tickets. A reduced-price carnet is available for children under 10 years old and some other groups for €8.65.
Jacques Rivière was a French "man of letters" — a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following World War I". He edited the magazine La Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of Marcel Proust as an important writer. His friend and brother-in-law was Alain-Fournier, with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence.
François Maspero was a French author and journalist, best known as a publisher of leftist books in the 1970s. He also worked as a translator, translating the works of Joseph Conrad, Mehdi Ben Barka, and John Reed, author of Ten Days that Shook the World, among others. He was awarded the Prix Décembre in 1990 for Les Passagers du Roissy-Express.
The ATA Carnet, often referred to as the "Passport for goods", is an international customs document that permits the tax-free and duty-free temporary export and import of nonperishable goods for up to one year. It consists of unified customs declaration forms which are prepared ready to use at every border crossing point. It is a globally accepted guarantee for customs duties and taxes which can replace the security deposit required by each customs authority. It can be used in multiple countries in multiple trips up to its one-year validity. The acronym ATA is a combination of French and English terms "Admission Temporaire/Temporary Admission". The ATA carnet is now the document most widely used by the business community for international operations involving temporary admission of goods.
Charles André Mare (1885–1932), or André-Charles Mare, was a French painter and textile designer, and co-founder of the Company of French Art in 1919. He was a designer of colorful textiles, and was one of the founders of the Art Deco movement.
Abel Jules Édouard Ferry was a French politician and soldier.
Carnets Geol. is an electronic journal that publishes in the field of geosciences, and particularly paleontology, stratigraphy, and sedimentology. The open-access journal is one of the founding members of the OA portal GeoSciences e-Journals. Since 2007, it is published by the eponymic Association Carnets de Géologie at the University of Western Brittany in Brest, France.
Émile Henriot was a French poet, novelist, essayist and literary critic.
Henri Albert Niessel was a French general.
Public transport fares in the Île-de-France are set using a system of concentric fare zones radiating from central Paris, and are implemented with a mixture of paper and electronic tickets. Prices are determined by Île-de-France Mobilités, the regional autorité organisatrice de transports. As of January 2024, single tickets within Paris cost €2.15, and monthly passes covering all fare zones cost €86.40.
The De Broqueville government in Sainte-Adresse refers to two successive Belgian governments, led by Charles de Broqueville, which served as governments in exile during the German occupation of Belgium in World War I. They were based in Le Havre in northern France after October 1914. The first government, known as the First de Broqueville government, was a Catholic government which was elected in 1911 and continued until 1916, when it was joined by Socialists and Liberals expanding it into the Second de Broqueville government, which lasted until 1 June 1918. In November 1914, the vast majority of Belgian territory was under German occupation. The only portion of Belgium that remained controlled by the Kingdom of Belgium in exile was the strip of territory behind the Yser Front.
Marie Mayoux was a French teacher, revolutionary syndicalist, pacifist and libertarian. She and her husband François Mayoux were imprisoned during World War I (1914–18) for her pacifist activities.
Valentin-Ladislas, Comte d'Esterházy was a French soldier and aristocrat of Hungarian extraction. A career soldier, he became a close friend of the French queen Marie Antoinette, who showered him with favors at court. During the French Revolution, he followed Louis XVI's younger brothers, the Comte d'Artois and the Comte de Provence, into exile. In 1791, he was sent as the princes' ambassador to the court of Catherine the Great of Russia.
