Carol Aneshensel (1947-June 14, 2019) was an American sociologist. [1] She specialized in the sociology of mental health, focusing especially on how social inequalities lead to corresponding disparities in mental health. [2] She was professor and vice chair for the Department of Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), [3] before becoming professor emeritus. [1]
Aneshensel received her B.S. in Industrial and Labor Relations and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in Sociology at Cornell University. [4]
Aneshensel specialized in mental health and medical sociology. Her research investigated connections between how society is organized and how that relates to mental health of its citizens, [5] specifically focusing on the way that social inequalities around gender, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and age lead to differences in mental health along those differentiators. [3] She worked with large survey samples and utilizes complex statistical analysis of data spanning multiple life stages of subjects.
Aneshensel studied the epidemiology of depression and help-seeking behavior under a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (1984-1987). Under continued support from NIMH, she studied models of ethnicity and depression over time, (1987-1992), [6] sources of stress and depressive symptoms in adolescents (1988-1992), [7] and social origins and emotional impact of adolescent stress (1992-1997). [8] [9] She was funded by the California Department of Health Services, Alzheimer's Disease to research the long-term impact of family caregiving (1999-2000). [10] She followed this by a study of neighborhood, socioeconomic status, and adolescent distress beginning in 2000, and later neighborhood SES and emotional distress in old age, both supported by grants from NIMH.
She wrote and edited several books, such as the Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health and Theory-Based Data Analysis for the Social Sciences. Aneshensel also published numerous papers. [10] [11]
Reuters named her as a highly cited scientist in 2001, [12] and she is on the Institute for Scientific Information's Highly Cited Researchers List. Aneshensel's book, Theory-Based Data Analysis for the Social Sciences, received honorable mention for best publication in 2003 from the Sociology of Mental Health section of the American Sociological Association (ASA).
Aneshensel received the ASA's Leonard I. Pearlin Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Sociological Study of Mental Health in 2004 [13]
She won the ASA's Leo G. Reeder Award for Distinguished Contribution to Medical Sociology in 2008. [14]
A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working, middle, and upper classes. Membership in a social class can for example be dependent on education, wealth, occupation, income, and belonging to a particular subculture or social network.
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. This movement occurs between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification. Open stratification systems are those in which at least some value is given to achieved status characteristics in a society. The movement can be in a downward or upward direction. Markers for social mobility such as education and class, are used to predict, discuss and learn more about an individual or a group's mobility in society.
Public sociology is a subfield of the wider sociological discipline that emphasizes expanding the disciplinary boundaries of sociology in order to engage with non-academic audiences. It is perhaps best understood as a style of sociology rather than a particular method, theory, or set of political values. Since the twenty-first century, the term has been widely associated with University of California, Berkeley sociologist Michael Burawoy, who delivered an impassioned call for a disciplinary embrace of public sociology in his 2004 American Sociological Association (ASA) presidential address. In his address, Burawoy contrasts public sociology with what he terms "professional sociology", a form of sociology that is concerned primarily with addressing other academic sociologists.
Gender is correlated with the prevalence of certain mental disorders, including depression, anxiety and somatic complaints. For example, women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression, while men are more likely to be diagnosed with substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder. There are no marked gender differences in the diagnosis rates of disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Men are at risk to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to past violent experiences such as accidents, wars and witnessing death, and women are diagnosed with PTSD at higher rates due to experiences with sexual assault, rape and child sexual abuse. Nonbinary or genderqueer identification describes people who do not identify as either male or female. People who identify as nonbinary or gender queer show increased risk for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. People who identify as transgender demonstrate increased risk for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Cross-cultural psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry concerned with the cultural context of mental disorders and the challenges of addressing ethnic diversity in psychiatric services. It emerged as a coherent field from several strands of work, including surveys of the prevalence and form of disorders in different cultures or countries; the study of migrant populations and ethnic diversity within countries; and analysis of psychiatry itself as a cultural product.
Mental distress or psychological distress encompasses the symptoms and experiences of a person's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing or out of the ordinary. Mental distress can potentially lead to a change of behavior, affect a person's emotions in a negative way, and affect their relationships with the people around them.
Sociology is the study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. Regarded as a part of both the social sciences and humanities, sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change. Sociological subject matter ranges from micro-level analyses of individual interaction and agency to macro-level analyses of social systems and social structure. Applied sociological research may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, whereas theoretical approaches may focus on the understanding of social processes and phenomenological method.
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Leonard Irving Pearlin was an American sociologist whose work focused on the sociology of mental illness. Much of this work centered around the "stress process model", a model he developed to attempt to explain the relationship between stress and mental health. He earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1956. He worked at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) for over two decades, where he worked with such researchers as Melvin L. Kohn and Carmi Schooler to study the sociology of mental health. In 1982, he left the NIMH to join the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) as professor in the Human Development and Aging Program, of which he served as director from 1982 to 1984. He was also the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior from 1982 to 1984. In 1994, he retired from UCSF to join the University of Maryland as a graduate professor and senior research scientist; he remained a professor there until his retirement in 2007. In 2000, he and his wife, Gerrie, established the Leonard I. Pearlin Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Sociological Study of Mental Health, which is given by the Section on the Sociology of Mental Health of the American Sociological Association.
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