Carol Lynn Curchoe

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Carol Lynn Curchoe
Utah State Science Advisor, Carl Lynn George.JPG
Governor Gary R. Herbert and Carol Lynn Curchoe, Ph.D. Utah State Science Advisor
Born1979 (age 43–44)
Manchester, Connecticut
Alma mater University of Connecticut, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Known forFormer Utah State Science Advisor
Scientific career
Fields Stem cell, cloning, epigenetics
Thesis Epigenetic reprogramming in cloned livestock  (2006)

Carol Lynn Curchoe (born in 1979 in Manchester, Connecticut), formerly Carol George, is an American reproductive biologist specializing in Molecular biology, Cell biology and Biotechnology. Her key contributions to those fields include advances in stem cell culture, epigenetics and reprogramming. She is the former Utah State Science Advisor, [1] President and CEO of 32ATPs, [2] domestic outreach director of We Love GMO's and Vaccines [3] and an author of personal essays and fiction.

Contents

Career

Academics

Curchoe earned an Associate of Science degree at Manchester Community College, a bachelor's degree, master's degree, and Ph.D. at the University of Connecticut [4] and performed her postdoctoral research at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute as a California Institute for Regenerative Medicine funded postdoctoral scholar. [5]

As an undergraduate researcher, Curchoe was part of a team that characterized the meat and milk composition of bovine clones [6] that informed the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) decision about these products for general consumption. [7] Her dissertation research, performed at the University of Connecticut in the Physiology of Reproduction, and completed in three years, was one of the fastest graduate degrees ever earned at that university. [8] That work characterized the reprogramming of imprinted genes, such as IGF2, [9] IGF2R, [10] and H19 [11] in cloned livestock. [12] [13]

Her California Institute for Regenerative Medicine postdoctoral work was performed at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in the field of human embryonic stem cell culture where she developed a protocol for the production of hESC derived neural precursors [14] and peripheral neurons, [15] specifically for therapeutic use. Additionally, she developed an in vitro model of early human neurulation events. [16]

As a Utah Valley University adjunct professor she taught mammalian cloning and biotechnology using project based learning, inverted classrooms, and community building through social media.

STEM Education Advocacy

From May 2013 to May 2014, Curchoe was the Utah State Science Advisor [4] to Governor Gary R. Herbert. She was responsible for a number of statewide science initiatives, including the Utah State STEM Action Center, [17] Utah Governor's Medal for Science and Technology, Work Ready Utah powered by ACT, and other workforce and advanced manufacturing initiatives.

In an article for Science Magazine, Curchoe stated "I have worked to pay it forward by acting as a mentor for girls and women in STEM, passing on the advice that has worked for me". [4]

Business career

After finishing her academic research Curchoe entered into business development as an associate at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute where she was part of a team that strengthened translational research by establishing clinical research partnerships with Pfizer, Takeda, and Johnson & Johnson. In 2010 she helped to launch the Office of Collaborative Science [18] at the New York University School of Medicine, which unified 17 disparate fee for service labs. Best practice models for tracking core-contributed publications [19] resulted.

Curchoe founded 32ATPs, [2] a company developing a biological supercapacitor which received an honorable mention at the 14th Annual Utah Innovation Awards in the category Clean Technology and Energy. [20] The project was initially crowd-sourced. [21] The company has applied for a patent for this technology. [22]

Curchoe is known to actively mentor women researchers, staff members and students who are just getting interested in a career in science. She credits the mentorship she received working in the laboratory of Dr. X. Cindy Tian for being able to earn a graduate degree after dropping out of high school. [4] Since relocating to Utah she has been involved with community initiatives such as Latinos in Action, Expanding Your Horizons [23] and Salt Lake Valley Science and Engineering Fair. [24]

Along with CJ Burton, Curchoe is co-founder of EduPaper Products, [25] an online store selling STEM-themed educational products.

Honors and awards

Peer-reviewed publications

Related Research Articles

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes genes to be expressed or not, depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father. Genes can also be partially imprinted. Partial imprinting occurs when alleles from both parents are differently expressed rather than complete expression and complete suppression of one parent's allele. Forms of genomic imprinting have been demonstrated in fungi, plants and animals. In 2014, there were about 150 imprinted genes known in mice and about half that in humans. As of 2019, 260 imprinted genes have been reported in mice and 228 in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Somatic cell nuclear transfer</span> Method of creating a cloned embryo by replacing the egg nucleus with a body cell nucleus

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists of taking an denucleated oocyte and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. In 1996, Dolly the sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. In January 2018, a team of scientists in Shanghai announced the successful cloning of two female crab-eating macaques from foetal nuclei.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neural tube</span> Developmental precursor to the central nervous system

In the developing chordate, the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural fold become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into the closed neural tube. In humans, neural tube closure usually occurs by the fourth week of pregnancy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ectoderm</span> Outer germ layer of embryonic development

The ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers formed in early embryonic development. It is the outermost layer, and is superficial to the mesoderm and endoderm. It emerges and originates from the outer layer of germ cells. The word ectoderm comes from the Greek ektos meaning "outside", and derma meaning "skin".

Wharton's jelly is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides. It acts as a mucous connective tissue containing some fibroblasts and macrophages, and is derived from extra-embryonic mesoderm of the connecting stalk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insulin-like growth factor 2</span> Protein hormone

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin. The MeSH definition reads: "A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on somatotropin. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is a major growth factor in adults."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leukemia inhibitory factor</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation. When LIF levels drop, the cells differentiate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CTCF</span> Transcription factor

Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin architecture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), also called the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF2R gene. IGF2R is a multifunctional protein receptor that binds insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) at the cell surface and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)-tagged proteins in the trans-Golgi network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDAC4</span>

Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SOX2</span> Transcription factor gene of the SOX family

SRY -box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Sox2 has a critical role in maintenance of embryonic and neural stem cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H19 (gene)</span> Negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell proliferation

H19 is a gene for a long noncoding RNA, found in humans and elsewhere. H19 has a role in the negative regulation of body weight and cell proliferation. This gene also has a role in the formation of some cancers and in the regulation of gene expression. .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SALL4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sal-like protein 4(SALL4) is a transcription factor encoded by a member of the Spalt-like (SALL) gene family, SALL4. The SALL genes were identified based on their sequence homology to Spalt, which is a homeotic gene originally cloned in Drosophila melanogaster that is important for terminal trunk structure formation in embryogenesis and imaginal disc development in the larval stages. There are four human SALL proteins with structural homology and playing diverse roles in embryonic development, kidney function, and cancer. The SALL4 gene encodes at least three isoforms, termed A, B, and C, through alternative splicing, with the A and B forms being the most studied. SALL4 can alter gene expression changes through its interaction with many co-factors and epigenetic complexes. It is also known as a key embryonic stem cell (ESC) factor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERG28</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Ergosterol biosynthetic protein 28 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERG28 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrin alpha 11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Integrin alpha-11 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ITGA11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PLAGL2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Zinc finger protein PLAGL2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLAGL2 gene.

Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor or unipotent – (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells.

In molecular biology mir-675 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

Epigenetics of human development is the study of how epigenetics effects human development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yi Zhang (biochemist)</span> Chinese-American biochemist

Yi Zhang is a Chinese-American biochemist who specializes in the fields of epigenetics, chromatin, and developmental reprogramming. He is a Fred Rosen Professor of Pediatrics and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, a senior investigator of Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is also an associate member of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, as well as the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. He is best known for his discovery of several classes of epigenetic enzymes and the identification of epigenetic barriers of SCNT cloning.

References

  1. ↑ "Utah Governor's Office of Economic Development 2013 Annual Report". Business.Utah.gov. Utah Governor's Office of Economic Development. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  2. 1 2 "32ATPs". 32ATPs. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  3. ↑ "About Us". We Love GMO's and Vaccines. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Curchoe, Carol (2015). "The Power of Mentoring". Science. 350 (6259): 478. Bibcode:2015Sci...350..478C. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6259.478 . PMID   26494760.
  5. ↑ "Carol Lynn Curchoe Is A STEM Warrior Princess". The Limit Does Not Exist. Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  6. ↑ Tian, X. C.; Kubota, C.; Sakashita, K.; Izaike, Y.; Okano, R.; Tabara, N.; Curchoe, C.; Jacob, L.; Zhang, Y.; Smith, S.; Bormann, C.; Xu, J.; Sato, M.; Andrew, S.; Yang, X. (2005). "Meat and milk compositions of bovine clones". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (18): 6261–6. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.6261T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0500140102 . PMC   1088367 . PMID   15829585.
  7. ↑ "Animal Cloning: A Risk Assessment". US FDA. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  8. ↑ "HOMER, the UConn Libraries' catalog". homerweb.lib.uconn.edu. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  9. ↑ Curchoe, C.; Zhang, S; Bin, Y; Zhang, X; Yang, L; Feng, D; O'Neill, M; Tian, XC (2005). "Promoter-Specific Expression of the Imprinted IGF2 Gene in Cattle (Bos taurus)". Biology of Reproduction. 73 (6): 1275–81. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044727 . PMID   16120826.
  10. ↑ Suteevun-Phermthai, T.; Curchoe, C.L.; Evans, A.C.; Boland, E.; Rizos, D.; Fair, T.; Duffy, P.; Sung, L.Y.; Du, F.; Chaubal, S.; Xu, J.; Wechayant, T.; Yang, X.; Lonergan, P.; Parnpai, R.; Tian, X.C. (2009). "Allelic switching of the imprinted IGF2R gene in cloned bovine fetuses and calves". Animal Reproduction Science. 116 (1–2): 19–27. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.01.003. PMID   19217227.
  11. ↑ Curchoe, Carol Lynn; Zhang, Shouquan; Yang, Lan; Page, Raymond; Tian, X. Cindy (2009). "Hypomethylation trends in the intergenic region of the imprinted IGF2 and H19 genes in cloned cattle". Animal Reproduction Science. 116 (3–4): 213–25. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.02.008. PMID   19282114.
  12. ↑ Li*, Chao; Bin, Yanfang; Curchoe, Carol; Yang, Lan; Feng, Dingyuan; Jiang, Qingyan; O'Neill, Michael; Tian, X. Cindy; Zhang, Shouquan (2008). "Genetic Imprinting ofH19andIGF2in Domestic Pigs (Sus scrofa)". Animal Biotechnology. 19 (1): 22–7. doi:10.1080/10495390701758563. PMID   18228173. S2CID   34695274.
  13. ↑ Tian, XC; Smith, SL; Zhang, SQ; Kubota, C; Curchoe, C; Xue, F; Yang, L; Du, F; Sung, LY; Yang, X (2007). "Nuclear reprogramming by somatic cell nuclear transfer--the cattle story". Society of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement. 64: 327–39. doi:10.5661/rdr-vi-327. PMID   17491157.
  14. ↑ Cimadamore, Flavio; Curchoe, Carol Lynn; Alderson, Nazilla; Scott, Fiona; Salvesen, Guy; Terskikh, Alexey V. (2009). "Nicotinamide Rescues Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neuroectoderm from Parthanatic Cell Death". Stem Cells. 27 (8): 1772–81. doi:10.1002/stem.107. PMC   4151857 . PMID   19544437.
  15. ↑ Curchoe, Carol Lynn; Maurer, Jochen; McKeown, Sonja J.; Cattarossi, Giulio; Cimadamore, Flavio; Nilbratt, Mats; Snyder, Evan Y.; Bronner-Fraser, Marianne; Terskikh, Alexey V. (2010). Najbauer, Joseph (ed.). "Early Acquisition of Neural Crest Competence During hESCs Neuralization". PLOS ONE. 5 (11): e13890. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513890C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013890 . PMC   2976694 . PMID   21085480.
  16. ↑ Curchoe, Carol Lynn; Russo, Joseph; Terskikh, Alexey V. (2012). "HESC derived neuro-epithelial rosettes recapitulate early mammalian neurulation events; an in vitro model". Stem Cell Research. 8 (2): 239–46. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.11.003 . PMID   22265743.
  17. ↑ "STEM Action Center". STEM Action Center UTAH. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  18. ↑ "Office of Collaborative Science". Division of Advanced Research Technologies. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  19. ↑ Loomis, CA; Curchoe, CL (2012). "Method for tracking core-contributed publications". J Biomol Tech. 23 (4): 122–7. doi:10.7171/jbt.12-2304-003. PMC   3468145 . PMID   23204927.
  20. ↑ "Finalists Announced in 14th Annual Utah Innovation Awards". Utah Innovation Awards. Utah Technology Council. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  21. ↑ "Can our cell's mitochondria power a cell phone?". experiment. experiment. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  22. ↑ "Biological supercapacitor structure and method for manufacturing and use of the same". Patent Application Full Text and Image Database. US Patent & Trademark Office. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  23. ↑ Expanding Your Horizons
  24. ↑ Salt Lake Valley Science and Engineering Fair
  25. ↑ "EduPaper Products". EduPaper Products. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  26. ↑ "Women Tech Council Announces 2016 Award Finalists Driving Technology, Innovation and Business". PRNewswire. PRNewswire. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  27. ↑ "Forty Under 40". Archived from the original on 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  28. ↑ "40 Under 40 Awards 2016". San Diego Metro Magazine. San Diego Metro Magazine. 11 September 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
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