Cecilia Venier

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Cecilia Venier (died 1543) was sovereign lady of Paros in 1531-1537. She was the last ruler of Paros before it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1537.

Paros Place in Greece

Paros is a Greek island in the central Aegean Sea. One of the Cyclades island group, it lies to the west of Naxos, from which it is separated by a channel about 8 kilometres wide. It lies approximately 150 km south-east of Piraeus. The Municipality of Paros includes numerous uninhabited offshore islets totaling 196.308 square kilometres (75.795 sq mi) of land. Its nearest neighbor is the municipality of Antiparos, which lies to its southwest. Anciently, the city-state of Paros was located on the island.

Ottoman Empire Former empire in Asia, Europe and Africa

The Ottoman Empire, also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

Life

Cecilia was the daughter of Fiorenza Sommaripa and Zuan Francesco Venier. After the death of her brother Nicolò in 1531, she claimed the island of Paros, against Crusino III Sommaripa and John IV Crispo. Until the dispute could be resolved, Venice administered the island. [1] Her rights where acknowledged in 1535 after a trial in Venice, and she ruled jointly with her spouse, Bernado Sagredo. [2]

Fiorenza Sommaripa was sovereign Lady of Paros in 1517-1518.

Zuan Francesco Venier was a co-lord of Cerigo.

Nicolò Venier was a Lord of Paros in 1518-1530.

In 1537 Paros was conquered by the Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa. Cecilia and her spouse abandoned the fortress at Agousa and was besieged in the castle of Kephalos, were her spouse took command of the defense with the aid of a Florentine outlaw and resisted the Ottoman siege for several days. Sagredo was eventually forced to surrender because of the lack of gun powder.

Hayreddin Barbarossa Ottoman admiral

Hayreddin Barbarossa, or Barbaros Kheireddin Pasha, born Khizr or Khidr, was an Ottoman admiral of the fleet who was born on the island of Lesbos and died in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital. Barbarossa's naval victories secured Ottoman dominance over the Mediterranean during the mid 16th century, from the Battle of Preveza in 1538 until the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.

In the treaty of surrender, Cecilia Venier was deposed from her position and allowed to depart the island for refuge in Venice, while her spouse were held captive by the Ottomans, but was eventually released from captivity. The Ottoman conquest of Paros reportedly led to atrocities committed against the public, however: evidently, old men were killed, young men take as slaves to the galleys and young women to the harems.

Cecilia Venier died six years after her deposition.

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References

  1. Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: 1908.
  2. Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: 1908.