Charles Obas was an early-twentieth-century painter of Haitian art.
In 1927, Charles Obas was born in Plaisance, Nord a mountainous region in the northern part of Haiti. He joined the Haitian Centre D’Art in the late 1940s, but left after two years to help form the Foyer des Arts Plastiques in 1950. He won first prize in a contest sponsored by the National Office of Tourism in 1958. [1]
In addition to his artistic talent, Obas was also an equally accomplished musician. [2]
Obas’ paintings are known for their beautiful renderings of rain. [3] Some see his works as allegories depicting the harsh realities and struggles of living under the oppressive François Duvalier regime. Cowering or burdened villagers, rainstorms, turbulent harbors, and ominous nocturnes are some of his most enduring motifs. [4] His courage and artistic style was wholly unique as he eschewed the optimistic perspective, and bright, cheerful color palettes of most of his Haitian compatriots. [5]
Obas created several paintings critical of Duvalier's regime in 1969, and disappeared not long after an art showing which included them. [6]
According to his son, Beethova Obas, in 1969 Obas was outraged by the execution of his cousin on the orders of Duvalier, and went directly to the National Palace to protest this injustice. Although Duvalier knew Obas personally, and owned several of his paintings, he viewed Obas as an assassin when he arrived. [7] Obas was taken into custody, and was never heard from again.
André Robert Breton was a French writer and poet. He is known best as the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism. His writings include the first Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic automatism".
François Duvalier, also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician who served as the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. He was elected president in the 1957 general election on a populist and black nationalist platform. After thwarting a military coup d'état in 1958, his regime rapidly became more autocratic and despotic. An undercover government death squad, the Tonton Macoute, indiscriminately killed Duvalier's opponents; the Tonton Macoute was thought to be so pervasive that Haitians became highly fearful of expressing any form of dissent, even in private. Duvalier further sought to solidify his rule by incorporating elements of Haitian mythology into a personality cult.
Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed "Baby Doc", was a Haitian politician who was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in February 1986. He succeeded his father François "Papa Doc" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after his death in 1971. After assuming power, he introduced cosmetic changes to his father's regime and delegated much authority to his advisors. Thousands of Haitians were killed or tortured, and hundreds of thousands fled the country during his presidency. He maintained a notoriously lavish lifestyle while poverty among his people remained the most widespread of any country in the Western Hemisphere.
The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture was founded in 1648 in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien Régime until it was abolished in 1793 during the French Revolution. It included most of the important painters and sculptors, maintained almost total control of teaching and exhibitions, and afforded its members preference in royal commissions.
Théodore Chassériau was a Dominican-born French Romantic painter noted for his portraits, historical and religious paintings, allegorical murals, and Orientalist images inspired by his travels to Algeria. Early in his career he painted in a Neoclassical style close to that of his teacher Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, but in his later works he was strongly influenced by the Romantic style of Eugène Delacroix. He was a prolific draftsman, and made a suite of prints to illustrate Shakespeare's Othello. The portrait he painted at the age of 15 of Prosper Marilhat, makes Théodore Chassériau the youngest painter exhibited at the Louvre museum.
Jean-Claude Bajeux was a Haitian political activist and professor of Caribbean literature. For many years he was director of the Ecumenical Center for Human Rights based in Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince, and a leader of the National Congress of Democratic Movements, a moderate socialist political party also known as KONAKOM. He was Minister of Culture during Jean-Bertrand Aristide's first term as President of Haiti.
Edouard Duval-Carrié is a Haitian-born American contemporary painter and sculptor based in Miami, Florida.
Henri Alphonse Barnoin was a French painter born in Paris in 1882.
Charles-Antoine Coypel was a French painter, art commentator, and playwright. He became court painter to the French king and director of the Académie Royale. He inherited the title of Garde des tableaux et dessins du roi, a function which combined the role of director and curator of the king's art collection. He was mainly active in Paris.
Guerdy Jacques Preval is a Haitian-Canadian painter. He now lives and works in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Haitian literature has been closely intertwined with the political life of Haiti. Haitian intellectuals turned successively or simultaneously to African traditions, France, Latin America, the UK, and the United States. At the same time, Haitian history has always been a rich source of inspiration for literature, with its heroes, its upheavals, its cruelties and its rites.
The historiography of Haitian cinema is very limited. It consists only one double issue of the journal of the French Institute of Haiti Conjonction, released in 1983, devoted to film; a book by Arnold Antonin, published during the same year, entitled Matériel pour une préhistoire du cinéma haïtien ; and an article by the same author in the 1981 book Cinéma de l’Amérique latine by Guy Hennebel and Alfonso Gumucio Dagrón.
The Anti-Duvalier protest movement was a series of demonstrations in Haiti from 23 May 1984 – 7 February 1986 that led to the overthrow of President Jean-Claude Duvalier and the Duvalier dynasty regime and the readoption of the original flag and coat of arms of the country.
Kettly Mars is a Haitian poet and novelist. She writes in French, and her books have been translated into Kreyòl, English, Italian, Dutch, Danish, and Japanese.
Manuel Mathieu is a contemporary visual artist best known as a painter of abstract works that often evoke figurative shapes in nondescript environments. Mathieu draws from Haitian visual cultures and from Western art movements such as expressionism and existentialism. His practice weaves together formal techniques, Haitian contemporary art movements to explore phenomenologies of human relations as they relate to power dynamics, loyalty, love, nature, subjective experience, history writing. His subjects matters start as personal concerns that he embeds into larger collective contexts.
Hervé Télémaque, is a French painter of Haitian origin, associated with the surrealism and the narrative figuration movements. He has lived and worked in Paris since 1961.
Galland Semerand was a Haitian painter and architect.
Salnave Philippe-Auguste was a Haitian painter, lawyer, and magistrate known for his jungle scenes.