Cheerleading is a sport that is practised all throughout the world, with increasing popularity within the United Kingdom.[1] Cheerleading has over 89,000 athletes within the United Kingdom, with just over 900 teams in England alone,[2] with the newfound success and passion of UK based teams on the international stage helping to change perceptions within the region.[3] Teams from the United Kingdom have gained international recognition, with the Olympic Channel producing a 10 minute short documentary following Unity Allstars' team Ruby to highlight the increase momentum of competitive cheerleading within the United Kingdom.[3]
Cheerleading is conducted through all-star clubs as well as university and school teams.
As a sport, cheerleading is offered as a PE extracurricular in a number of UK based schools, with it being estimated that 37% of schools now offer a cheerleading program as an extracurricular physical education choice, leading to UK participation within World Schools Cheerleading Championships and National Scholastic Cheerleading championships being offered.[4][5][6][7][8]
A number of universities also offer cheerleading as an option within the United Kingdom, with 70 universities offering it as an extracurricular optioin in 2018, with a further 23 offering competitive cheerleading.[9] Cheerleading is a recognised sport under the International University Sports Federation,[10] however, the sport remains unrecognised by the British Universities and Colleges Sport association.[11]
The main way that cheerleading as a sport is provided in the UK is through all-star competitive clubs, with clubs located throughout England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.[12]
Governing bodies
SportCheer UK (SCUK) acts as the governing body for cheerleading within the United Kingdom, being recognised as such by the International Cheer Union, the international governing body for cheerleading.[13] SCUK is composed of governing body members from England (SportCheer England), Northern Ireland (SportCheer Northern Ireland), Scotland (SportCheer Scotland) and Wales (SportCheer Wales).[14] SCUK provides an age grid and safety rules for both cheer and performance cheer/dance (aligned with IASF), helping to align the sport under a single standard across the United Kingdom.[14]
As part of their governing body role, the governing body members help organise representative teams from their respective countries to compete at the ICU World Championships, held in Florida. In 2023, SCUK was represented by national teams from England, Scotland and Wales, winning a total of 7 medals.[15]
On a more broad scale, SportCheer England and SportCheer Scotland are both members of the umbrella organisation of the European Cheer Union, a recognised regional branch of the International Cheer Union.[16]
Competition divisions
Within the United Kingdom, SportCheer UK and its members model their structure off divisions and age groupings after the IASF guidelines.
As in the United States, competitions are grouped into divisions that are based on a combination of the team's age category, difficulty level and size. Certain categories are also further separated into "all-girl" (females only) and "co-ed" (mixture of genders) groups. For large events with high numbers of teams registered in one division, organisations also can then further split the divisions based on the team's size or the gym/studio's size to form a manageable number of teams within a division. For example, a team may compete in divisions such as "extra small youth level 1", or "senior co-ed level 5".[17]
The age category of the team also restricts the level that the team may be entered into for safety reasons, with younger age category teams not being allowed to enter higher levels for safety. There are also "sub-categories" within the junior and senior age divisions that do not allow teams with younger age category eligible athletes to enter the higher levels.[17]
All-star age groups are based on the competitors' ages at 31 August 2023, with that age being applicable for the entire season. The exception to this rule is the IASF international divisions, where the eligible age of an athlete is determined by their age during 2024 i.e. is a 12 year old athlete is participating in an IASF division with a minimum age of 14, they are legal if they turn 14 during 2024, or an athlete who turns 13 on 2 January 2024 is eligible for a division where the maximum age is 12 as they would be 12 for at least 1 day during 2024. [17]
Event producers have the option of offering all of the divisions, or only a selection, with speciality divisions varying from EP to EP.[17]
Currently overlap in the age categories enables an athlete to compete in multiple teams who are entered in different age categories. For example, an 11 year old could compete on teams that are entered in the youth, junior and senior age categories.[17]
Newly introduced in 2023-2024 for senior divisions with a minimum age of 16 years or below was a rule stating the age spread of team members may not exceed 10 years. For example, a senior level 1 team where the youngest athlete was 13 is no longer allowed any athletes on the team who are aged of 23 years old. This however only allowed to SCUK divisions and does not include the IASF divisions.[17]
90% registered uni student 10% allowed past students alumni if graduated within last 4 years
No Males
5 - 38
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
University Coed
17+
90% registered uni student 10% allowed past students alumni if graduated within last 4 years
1+ Males
5 - 38
University Non-Tumbling
17+
90% registered uni student 10% allowed past students alumni if graduated within last 4 years
Female/Male
5 - 38
2NT, 3NT, 4NT, 5NT, 6NT, 7NT
SCUK also provides guidelines for combining or splitting these divisions in the best interest of providing a competitive environment, requiring that where possible, there should be at least 3 teams in any given division and level. Under these guidelines, teams of different levels are not allowed to be combined into one division, and teams of different ages may not be combined into one division. [17]
Novice cheer divisions are prohibited to be combined or further split. Likewise, All Star Prep divisions are prohibited from being combined, however, prep divisions may be split by size per the All Star Elite split guidelines. [17]
Within All Star Elite Cheer, the following division combinations are permitted in the event of there only being a single team registered in either division, with event producers then being required to follow the mandatory split guidelines and no other combinations of all start elite divisions being permitted:[17]
Senior Coed Level 3 and Senior Level 3
Senior Coed Level 4 and Senior Level 4
Open Coed Level 3 and Open Level 3
Open Coed Level 4 and Open Level 4
Open and corresponding University divisions (e.g. University Level 1 and Open level 1)
When splitting divisions, divisions may be split by size, coed/all girlor by additional optional splits. These must be made in a specific order, depending on the division. If the first mandatory split option cannot be made without leaving a single team in a division, but the second can be made without doing so, the event producer may make the second split first at their discretion.[17]
When splitting a team by size, they following team size designations apply: [17]
Levels 1 - 4, 4.2, All Star Prep:
X-Small - 5 - 14 athletes
Small - 15 - 22 athletes
Medium - 23 - 32 athletes
Youth Level 5, Junior Levels 5 - 6:
X-Small - 5 - 14 athletes
Small - 5 - 22 athletes
Medium - 23 - 32 athletes
Large - 33 - 38 athletes
All star dance falls under the governance of cheerleading as a cheerleading discipline per the International Cheer Union. As such, SCUK also outlines the rules and divisions for this discipline.[17]
Within all SCUK divisions, the styles of pom, jazz, hip hop, lyrical/contemporary and traditional pom/cheer dance are offered. Prop and high kick may also be offered by individual event producers, with high kick being allowed to be offered at any age group as a speciality item.[17]
90% registered uni student 10% allowed past students alumni if graduated within last 4 years
No Males
4 or more
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
University Coed
17+
90% registered uni student 10% allowed past students alumni if graduated within last 4 years
1+ Males
4 or more
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Masters Dance
Minimum age 17
At least 75% of dancers required to be aged 25+
Female/Male
4 or more
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Dance Abilities Youth
8 - 12
Female/Male
Unlimited
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Dance Abilities Junior
12 - 16
Female/Male
Unlimited
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Dance Abilities Senior
12+
Minimum of 1 athlete 17+
Female/Male
Unlimited
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Adaptive Abilities Hip Hop Youth
8 - 12
Female/Male
4 or more
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Adaptive Abilities Hip Hop Junior
12 - 16
Female/Male
4 or more
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Adaptive Abilities Hip Hop Senior
12+
Minimum of 1 athlete aged 17+
Female/Male
4 or more
Small - 4 - 14 dancers
Large - 15+ dancers
Likewise with the cheer divisions, the dance divisions can also be split, being split first by team size and then by gender. If there is only one team registered in any junior or senior division within the same category, the event producer must combine the all girl and coed divisions as long as a program is not forced to compete against another team from the same studio e.g. junior with junior coed.[17]
Crossover Rules
Athletes are not allowed to cross over into more than 2 cheer teams and no more than 6 routines in total (inclusive of cheer, performance cheer/dance, stunt groups and solos) at any one event. However, SCUK allows individual EPs to place further restrictions upon this. [17]
Athletes are also not allowed to crossover between different size teams in the cheer divisions within the same age and level, regardless of the split guidelines - i.e. an athlete may not compete on a small all star elite cheer youth 1 team and a large all star elite cheer youth 1 team. However, this does not apply to performance cheer/dance, with an athlete allowed to compete on both small junior pom and large junior pom teams for example. [17]
Crossovers are not allowed between novice to prep, novice to all star or novice to international divisions, with an exception being an athlete crossing over between a novice/prep division and a stunt group division.[17]
At Worlds bid events, an athlete is not allowed to crossover to any other team, competing on only one team only in that round. [17]
Routine Time Limits
Different styles/divisions have different time limits for the routines entered within them. These are as follows:
University Cheer School Cheer Masters Cheer IASF Tiny, Mini, Youth, Junior, Senior & Open
Maximum of 2 minutes 30s
IASF Global
30s min to 40s max - Opening cheer
20s max - Move from cheer portion to set up for music portion 2 minutes and 30s maximum - Music portion
IASF Non-Tumbling
University Non-Tumbling
Maximum of 2 minutes
Prep Cheer
Maximum of 2 minutes
Novice Cheer
Maximum of 1 minute 30s
Dance/Performance Cheer
Minimum 1 minute 45s
Maximum 2 minutes 15s
Stunt Group
Partner Stunt Individual/Solo
1 minute 15s
Competitions
Teams from across the United Kingdom take part in a range of various local and national level competitions throughout the year. Some competition providers offer the chance for teams to win a "bid" in order to qualify to attend international competitions, such as the IASF Cheerleading Worlds or Summit, held in Orlando, Florida annually.[18][19]
Competition providers within the United Kingdom include:[20]
BCA Cheer and Dance (British Cheerleading Association)[21]
Cheer City (Formally known as Leicester Cheer Competitions)[22]
An estimated 60 competitions per years are run by event producers, with national competitions being held at large arenas such as the O2 and NEC.[31]
International Competitions
Teams from the United Kingdom compete at a number of international competitions annually, with the main two being the ICU World Championships and the IASF Cheerleading World Championships. However teams also travel to compete in other competitions internationally, such as the NCA All-Star National Championships in Dallas, Texas,[citation needed] and The Summit in Orlando, Florida.[32]
ICU World Championships
The International Cheer Union hosts the ICU Junior World and World Cheerleading Championships annually, with the competition being recognised as the official world championships for the sport. The national governing bodies that make up SCUK field national teams to compete at this championship, with the teams historically achieving successful results.
In 2016, the ICU announced it would be adding a new division for physically disabled athletes to accompany its already successful Special Olympics division for intellectually disabled athletes after collaboration with disabled English athlete Rick Rodgers and his organisation, ParaCheer International.[33][34] As part of this launch, Team England sent the world's first Adaptive Abilities team to perform a showcase at the ICU Worlds 2016 to launch the division.[35] Team England went on to win the first gold medal in ParaCheer in 2017, being England's first ever world champion cheerleading team at an ICU competition.[33]
In 2023, the United Kingdom was represented by national teams from England, Scotland and Wales at the ICU World Championships, winning a total of 7 medals.[15]
2023 ICU World Championship Results - United Kingdom Teams (England, Scotland, Wales)
Allstar teams can compete at a national level within the United Kingdom to win bids to qualify to attend the IASF Cheerleading World Championships each year.
The top teams in the United Kingdom travel to compete at the IASF World Championships, with the following teams achieving the following results in 2023:[40]
One particular cheerleading programme, the Ascension Eagles of the London Borough of Newham, has received attention and awards for its positive impact in its economically disadvantaged neighbourhood.[1]
In April 2014 Crimson Heat Tigers Cheer based in Reading, won the COA (Cheerleaders of America) National title in Florida, gaining the USA Champions title.[42] Crimson Heat were also official cheerleaders for the London Games, performing at both the basketball and volleyball events.[43]
In 2019 Phoenix Allstars Adaptive abilities team 'Smoke' took to the floor at FC Internationals (Bournemouth) to showcase their routine and further raise the profile of Paracheer in the UK. Phoenix Allstars also provided athletes from their adaptive abilities division to the Paralympics home coming at Wembley arena in 2021.
In 2022 Unity Allstars Black has etched its name in the chronicle of international cheerleading history, securing the coveted gold in the Level 7 Open Non-Tumbling Coed division.[44]
Notable mention
Cheer From Head To Toe: Cheer From Head To Toe (CFHTT) is a prominent cheerleading platform in the United Kingdom known for its dedication to promoting and supporting the UK cheerleading community. Established as a multi-platform initiative, CFHTT offers resources, motivational content, and coverage of cheerleading events across its blog, Instagram, Youtube and Facebook channels. The organisation focuses on providing educational content, tips, and event highlights, while also building an engaged and supportive community for cheerleaders of all levels. CFHTT has been recognised as a valuable resource within the UK cheerleading scene and continues to play a key role in fostering growth and inclusivity within the sport.
Cheerleading is an activity in which the participants cheer for their team as a form of encouragement. It can range from chanting slogans to intense physical activity. It can be performed to motivate sports teams, to entertain the audience, or for competition. Cheerleading routines typically range anywhere from one to three minutes, and contain components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers, and stunting. Cheerleading originated in the United States, where it has become a tradition. It is less prevalent in the rest of the world, except via its association with American sports or organized cheerleading contests.
The Hamburg Blue Angels are a cheerleading squad for the Hamburg Blue Devils American football team in Hamburg, Germany. They were founded along with the team in 1992.
A dance squad or dance team, sometimes called a pom squad or song team, is a team that participates in competitive dance. A dance squad can also include: a jazz squad, ballet squad, or any kind of religion dance squad. Dance squads are a type of performance dance.
The Universal Cheerleaders Association Division I-A College Championships were first introduced in 1978 on CBS Sports. Top cheerleading teams from colleges across the U.S. and foreign countries perform routines consisting of gymnastics, partner stunts, dance moves, pyramids and high-tosses called basket tosses. The championship is split into large co-ed, small co-ed and all-girl divisions. The University of Kentucky has won the most large co-ed championships with 25 national titles, Hofstra University has won the most small co-ed championships with 10, and Indiana University has won the most all-girl titles with six.
Pep flags, also known as flaggies, short flags, small flags, or twirl flags, is the performing art of twirling one or two flag(s) as part of a choreographed routine. In the early 21st century, some school flag squads have implemented a third or even fourth flag in routines. This performing art is mainly prominent in Southern California high schools. It is mainly in high schools but a few are in elementary, middle school, and college/university levels.
Cheer Athletics is one of the largest All-Star cheerleading programs in the United States, with thousands of athletes competing on 80+ teams from Austin, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina; Columbus, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado; Frisco, Texas; Omaha, Nebraska; Pensacola, Florida; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Plano, Texas; Rochester, New York; Rockwall, Texas; St. Louis, Missouri; and Telford, England. Cheer Athletics has won 24 World Championships at The Cheerleading Worlds sponsored by the USASF.
The U.S. All Star Federation (USASF) is one of the four main governing bodies for all star cheerleading and dance in the United States. The USASF was founded in December 2003 by cheerleading competition sponsors National Cheerleaders Association, Universal Cheerleaders Association, Cheersport, and America's Best to develop a standard set of safety rules and competition regulations and conduct the Cheerleading Worlds.
The University of Minnesota Golden Gophers Spirit Squads comprise the cheerleading organization at the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota. Being the first program ever to form worldwide, the University of Minnesota is consequently considered the "Birthplace of Cheerleading". Today, the Gopher Spirit Squads consist of four separate squads: a cheer squad, a dance team, a hockey cheer squad, and the school's mascot, Goldy Gopher. The squads consistently perform well at national competitions including 21 national championships in dance since 2003, a 2nd-place finish for All-Girl in 2013, a fifth-place finish in 2017, and four-time national champion Goldy Gopher in 2011, 2013, 2017, and 2018. The current head coach is Sam Owens.
World Cup All Stars, founded by Elaine Pascale and Joelle Antico, is home to the 2007, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2017, and 2019 USASF Cheerleading Worlds champions in the Large Senior All Girl division, the World Cup Shooting Stars. In the International Junior All Girl division, the World Cup Starlites are the 2007 and 2008 World Champions. World Cup was founded in 1994 in Freehold, New Jersey by owner Elaine Pascale and her daughter Joelle Antico. World Cup is one of the most respected all-star programs in the U.S.
The National Cheerleading Championship, commonly known as NCC, is the Philippines’ first and oldest National cheerleading competition. The annual competition, which started in 2006, is modeled after U.S. competitive cheerleading competitions.
The International Federation of Cheerleading (IFC) was formed in 1998 and is a non-profit federation based in Tokyo, Japan.
Kiara Nowlin is an American gymnast, World Champion power tumbler and an internationally ranked Cheerleader. She was a part of the 2007 World Age Games held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (WAG) Gold Medalist in Tumbling, the 2008 and 2009 USAG Winter Classic First Place Tumbler, and the 2009 USASF Gold Medal Young Athlete Merit Scholarship Recipient. She was at the 2009 World Age Games held in St. Petersburg, Russia, gold medalist in tumbling and gold medalist in double-mini trampoline. Nowlin also competed for the California Allstars in the Small Senior Co-Ed division (Smoed) and competed in the Unlimited Co-Ed division, and has won three U.S. All Star Federation Cheerleading Worlds Gold medals with her team. She was on the acrobatic gymnastics team at Baylor University from 2013 to 2017.
Varsity Spirit, LLC, also known as Varsity, is an American cheerleading company owned by Varsity Brands. Founded in 1974 as the Universal Cheerleaders Association, the company is a manufacturer of apparel for cheerleading and dance teams, organizer of cheerleading competitions, and operator of training camps and sanctioning bodies.
The US National Cheerleaders Association (NCA) was established as a way to bring cheerleaders together to learn new skills. Since 1951, the NCA has held summer camps, and is credited with the invention of the herkie jump, the pom-pom, the spirit stick and being the first uniform manufacturer.
The International Cheer Union (ICU) is the worldwide sports governing body of cheerleading and was founded in 2004. It is recognized by SportAccord / Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), and is a member of the Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations (ARISF). Its membership includes 116 national cheer federations on all continents - reaching over 5 million athletes globally.
The Cheerleading Worlds, or Cheerleading World Championships, colloquially known as "Worlds", is an annual international championship event for competitive cheerleading held in the United States hosted by the U.S. All Star Federation in partnership with the International All Star Federation. Teams from around the world annual to receive a bid to go on and compete in Orlando, Florida, at the ESPN Wide World of Sports.
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In Australia, competitive cheerleading is a minor sport, seeing over a 10,000% increase in athlete participation between 2000 and 2022. This growth happened through a 15–20% increase in participation each year between 2006 and 2016.
Monica Aldama is an American cheerleading coach. She was the coach of the co-ed cheerleading team at Navarro College in Corsicana, Texas.
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