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Pharmacia was a pharmaceutical and biotechnological company in Sweden that merged with the American pharmaceutical company Upjohn in 1995.
A pharmacist, also known as a chemist or a druggist, is a health professional who deals with the composition, properties, interactions, proper use and distribution of medicines. The pharmacist provides pharmaceutical information and clinical advice to the public, as well as primary health care services, with the aim of promoting Public Health. Using knowledge of the mechanism of action of drugs, the pharmacist understands how they should be used to achieve maximum benefit, minimal side effects and to avoid drug interactions. Pharmacists undergo university or graduate-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, is a private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. USciences offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in pharmacy and other health-related disciplines. The university was conceived in 1821, and chartered in 1822, as Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (PCP), the first pharmacy college in the nation. Today, University of the Sciences offers more than 30 degree and certification programs across a wide range of pharmaceutical and healthcare-related disciplines. Its campus is located in the University City section of Philadelphia. USciences Online, a division of the university, offers online degree and certificate programs.
Pharmacy is the clinical health science that links medical science with chemistry and it is charged with the discovery, production, disposal, safe and effective use, and control of medications and drugs. The practice of pharmacy requires excellent knowledge of drugs, their mechanism of action, side effects, interactions, mobility and toxicity. At the same time, it requires knowledge of treatment and understanding of the pathological process. Some specialties of pharmacists, such as that of clinical pharmacists, require other skills, e.g. knowledge about the acquisition and evaluation of physical and laboratory data.
Alliance Healthcare, formerly Alliance UniChem, wholesales, distributes, and retails pharmaceutical, surgical, medical, and healthcare products throughout Europe. The company supplies more than 110,000 pharmacies, doctors, health centres and hospitals from over 288 distribution centres in 11 countries. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Walgreens Boots Alliance, which was formed by the merger of Walgreens with its former parent Alliance Boots in December 2014. Alliance Boots had itself been formed in 2006 by the merger of Boots Group and Alliance UniChem on 31 July 2006. Alliance UniChem was rebranded Alliance Healthcare in 2009.
Alliance Boots GmbH was a multinational pharmacy-led health and beauty group with corporate headquarters in Bern, Switzerland and operational headquarters in Nottingham and Weybridge, United Kingdom.
Thrifty White Pharmacy is an American pharmacy chain with operations in six states, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa headquartered in Plymouth, MN. The firm specializes in filling prescriptions, long term care consulting, community outreach, and specialty services. As of September 2016, Thrifty White received full URAC accreditation for its specialty pharmacy.
In the United States, a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) is a third-party administrator of prescription drug programs for commercial health plans, self-insured employer plans, Medicare Part D plans, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, and state government employee plans. According to the American Pharmacists Association, "PBMs are primarily responsible for developing and maintaining the formulary, contracting with pharmacies, negotiating discounts and rebates with drug manufacturers, and processing and paying prescription drug claims." PBMs operate inside of integrated healthcare systems, as part of retail pharmacies, and as part of insurance companies.
McNeil Consumer Healthcare is an American medicals products company belonging to the Johnson & Johnson healthcare products group. It primarily sells fast-moving consumer goods such as over-the-counter drugs.
A pharmacy is a retail shop which provides pharmaceutical drugs, among other products. At the pharmacy, a pharmacist oversees the fulfillment of medical prescriptions and is available to counsel patients about prescription and over-the-counter drugs or about health and wellness issues. A typical pharmacy would be in the commercial area of a community.
Chemist + Druggist is an online publication aimed at community pharmacists and pharmacy staff in the United Kingdom.
Corporate venture capital (CVC) is the investment of corporate funds directly in external startup companies. CVC is defined by the Business Dictionary as the "practice where a large firm takes an equity stake in a small but innovative or specialist firm, to which it may also provide management and marketing expertise; the objective is to gain a specific competitive advantage." Examples of CVCs include GV and Intel Capital.
Atomico is a European venture capital firm headquartered in London, with offices in Paris, Beijing, São Paulo, Stockholm, and Tokyo. Its founder and CEO is Niklas Zennström, a serial entrepreneur who co-founded Skype and Kazaa. The team includes Hiro Tamura, Chris Barnes, Siraj Khaliq, Ben Blume and Niall Wass.
Victorian Pharmacy is a historical documentary TV series in four parts, first shown on BBC Two in July 2010. It was made for the BBC by independent production company Lion Television. The series producer was Cassie Braben and the Executive Producer was David Upshal. It was filmed at Blists Hill Victorian Town in Shropshire. It is a historical documentary that looks at life in the 19th Century and how people attempted to cure common ailments. Since some of the ingredients of Victorian remedies are now either illegal or known to be dangerous, Professor Nick Barber often used his modern pharmaceutical knowledge to produce similar products without those ingredients. The other main presenters were Tom Quick, a PhD student, and Ruth Goodman, a domestic historian who also appeared in Tales from the Green Valley, Victorian Farm and Edwardian Farm.
FirstMark Capital is a venture capital firm based in New York City. FirstMark invests in early-stage technology companies, frequently as the first institutional investor. Notable investments include Airbnb, Pinterest, Shopify, DraftKings, Upwork, and InVision.
Boots UK Limited, trading as Boots, is a British health and beauty retailer and pharmacy chain in the United Kingdom and other countries and territories including Ireland, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, Thailand and Indonesia.
Pharmacy2U is an online pharmacy located in the UK. Pharmacy2U has been involved in piloting the electronic transfer of prescriptions in the UK. They manage NHS repeat prescriptions on behalf of patients. Pharmacy2U was founded by pharmacist Daniel Lee in November 1999. It launched to the public in June 2000.
Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. is an American pharmaceuticals holding company headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois. It owns the pharmacy chains Walgreens and Boots, as well as several pharmaceutical manufacturing, wholesale, and distribution companies. The company was formed on December 31, 2014, after Walgreens purchased the 55% stake in UK and Switzerland-based Alliance Boots that it did not already own. The total price of the acquisition was $4.9 billion in cash and 144.3 million common shares with fair value of $10.7 billion. Walgreens had previously purchased 45% of the company for $4.0 billion and 83.4 million common shares in August 2012 with an option to purchase the remaining shares within three years. Walgreens became a subsidiary of the newly created company after the transactions were completed. As of 2020, Walgreens Boots Alliance is ranked #19 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.
Chemist Warehouse is an Australian company operating a chain of retail pharmacies. The company is Australia's largest pharmacy retailer with over 350 stores, and employs over 8,000 staff. The company brands itself as offering discounted prices for pharmaceutical goods.
References
- ↑ "DIRECT HEALTHCARE LIMITED, Companies House". Companies House. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ↑ Atomico”. "Atomico - Chemist Direct" . Retrieved 27 Jan 2014.
- ↑ "Online pharmacy ChemistDirect has found right remedy". Telegraph. 6 Jul 2013. Retrieved 27 Jan 2014.
- ↑ "Interview: Mitesh Soma, founder of Chemist Direct"
- ↑ "Mitesh Soma on setting up online pharmacy"
- ↑ "Leeds' Pharmacy2U completes £40m merger with Chemist Direct to create industry giant". Bdaily. 4 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
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