The Politics of Liberia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic modeled on the government of the United States,whereby the President is the head of state and head of government;unlike the United States,however,Liberia is a unitary state as opposed to a federation and has a pluriform multi-party system rather than the two-party system that characterizes US politics. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the legislature.
The Kingdom of Bhutan is divided into 20 districts. Bhutan is located between the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and India on the eastern slopes of the Himalayas in South Asia.
The Sikkim State Congress,or SSC,was an annexationist political party in the Kingdom of Sikkim. It was founded in 1947 and worked closely with the Indian National Congress (INC) to successfully achieve the annexation of Sikkim to India. Other parties established by the INC to serve India's interests in its near abroad included the Nepal State Congress Party and the Bhutan State Congress Party.
The National Democratic Front of Boroland (NDFB) was an armed separatist outfit which sought to obtain a sovereign Boroland for the Bodo people. It is designated as a terrorist organisation by the Government of India.
Elections in Bhutan are conducted at national (Parliamentary) and local levels. Suffrage is universal for citizens 18 and over,and under applicable election laws. In national elections,also known as the general elections,political party participation is mainly restricted to the lower house of Parliament,and by extension,to the executive nominated by its majority
Bhutan,officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,is a landlocked country in South Asia situated in the Eastern Himalayas between China in the north and India in the south. With a population of over 727,145 and a territory of 38,394 square kilometres (14,824 sq mi),Bhutan ranks 133rd in land area and 160th in population. Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy with a king as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. The Je Khenpo is the head of the state religion,Vajrayana Buddhism.
The 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis began as a caretaker government (CTG) assumed power at the end of October 2006 following the end of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party administration. The BNP government increased the chief justice's retirement age in an unconstitutional way to bias the appointment of the head of the caretaker government. CTG manages the government during the interim 90-day period and parliamentary elections. Political conflict began with the alleged appointment of a Chief Advisor,a role which devolved to the President,Dr. Iajuddin Ahmed. The interim period was marked from the beginning by violent protests initiated by the Awami League named Logi Boitha Andolan,with 40 people killed and hundreds injured in the first month. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party had its own complaints about the process and the opposition.
A caretaker government of Bangladesh,is an unelected interim government in Bangladesh tasked with organizing free and fair general elections. The Chief Adviser,the head of government in lieu of the Prime Minister,is appointed by the President. The Chief Advisor appoints other advisers,who act as ministers. The appointments are intended to be nonpartisan.
The development of Bhutanese democracy has been marked by the active encouragement and participation of reigning Bhutanese monarchs since the 1950s,beginning with legal reforms such as the abolition of slavery,and culminating in the enactment of Bhutan's Constitution. The first democratic elections in Bhutan began in 2007,and all levels of government had been democratically elected by 2011. These elections included Bhutan's first ever partisan National Assembly election. Democratization in Bhutan has been marred somewhat by the intervening large-scale expulsion and flight of Bhutanese refugees during the 1990s;the subject remains somewhat taboo in Bhutanese politics. Bhutan was ranked 13th most electoral democratic country in Asia according to V-Dem Democracy indices in 2023 with a score of 0.535 out of 1.
The National Council is the upper house of Bhutan's bicameral Parliament,which also comprises the Druk Gyalpo and the National Assembly.
The Druk Gyalpo is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In the Dzongkha language,Bhutan is known as Drukyul which translates as "The Land of the Thunder Dragon". Thus,while kings of Bhutan are known as Druk Gyalpo,the Bhutanese people call themselves the Drukpa,meaning "people of Druk (Bhutan)".
Edappadi Karuppa Palaniswami,often referred to by his initials E.P.S.,is an Indian politician who is the current leader of opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He served as the seventh chief minister of Tamil Nadu,from 2017 to 2021. He has been the General Secretary of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) since 28 March 2023. Previously,Palaniswami has served as the interim general secretary (2022–23),joint co-ordinator (2017–22) and headquarters secretary (2016–22) of AIADMK.
The Constitution of Kingdom of Bhutan was enacted 18 July 2008 by the Royal Government of Bhutan. The Constitution was thoroughly planned by several government officers and agencies over a period of almost seven years amid increasing democratic reforms in Bhutan. The current Constitution is based on Buddhist philosophy,international Conventions on Human Rights,comparative analysis of 20 other modern constitutions,public opinion,and existing laws,authorities,and precedents. According to Princess Sonam Wangchuck,the constitutional committee was particularly influenced by the Constitution of South Africa because of its strong protection of human rights.
The Supreme Court of Bhutan (དངོན་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་འདུན་ས།) is the Kingdom of Bhutan's highest court of review and interpreter of the Constitution.
The Chief Advisor is the head of an interim government of Bhutan following a dissolution of assembly,in preparation for National Assembly elections.
Marco Mendicino is a Canadian politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Eglinton—Lawrence in the House of Commons since 2015. He served as the Minister of Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship from 2019 to 2021 and the Minister of Public Safety from 2021 to 2023.
LyonpoSonam Tobgye is an eminent jurist from Bhutan. He served as Chief Justice of the High Court of Bhutan from 1991 through 2009 and as Chief Justice of the newly created Supreme Court of Bhutan from 2010 through 2014. He also served as president of SAARCLAW,the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation in Law,from 2011 through 2014. His public service spanned 43 years,beginning as master of household to King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck and ending in constitutionally-mandated retirement at the age of 65.
Dasho Tshering Wangchuk is a Bhutanese jurist who served as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Bhutan from 2014 to 2019. In 2018,Wanghuck served as the interim Head of Government of Bhutan,when serving as the Chief Advisor of the Interim Government,following the dissolution of the Bhutanese National Assembly in preparation of elections.
