Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Marc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixth President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina,near the capital city of Antananarivo,Ravalomanana first rose to prominence as the founder and CEO of the vast dairy conglomerate TIKO,later launching successful wholesaler MAGRO and several additional companies.
The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Parliament of Madagascar. The Senate has 18 members:12 are indirectly elected,one from each of the 22 regions of Madagascar,and 6 are appointed by the President.
Jean Lahiniriko is a Malagasy politician. He served in the government of Madagascar as Minister of Public Works from 2002 to 2003 and was president of the National Assembly of Madagascar from 2003 to 2006. Subsequently he was the second place candidate in the 2006 presidential election. He is now the president of the Socialist and Democratic Party for the Unity of Madagascar (PSDUM) and a member of the High Transitional Authority under President Andry Rajoelina.
The current Constitution of Madagascar was,according to the national electoral commission,endorsed by a majority of voters in the constitutional referendum held on 14 November 2010. The new constitution launched the Fourth Republic of Madagascar and was widely seen as an attempt to consolidate and legitimise the rule of Andry Rajoelina and his High Transitional Authority government which was installed after a military-backed coup d'état against President Marc Ravalomanana at the beginning of the ongoing national political crisis. One substantive change from the constitution of the Third Republic was to lower the minimum age for presidential candidates from 40 to 35. This made Rajoelina,aged 36 at the time,eligible to stand in presidential elections.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy-French politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023,and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup,having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena,Rajoelina was involved in the private sector,including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
Jonah Parfait Prezaly is a Malagasy politician who served as a member of the High Authority of the Transition (HAT) under President Andry Rajoelina. He was a member of the Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery (LEADER-Fanilo) party.
Mamisoa Rakotomandimbindraibe is a Malagasy politician. She was a member of the National Assembly of Madagascar,he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party the 2002 and 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. She represents the constituency of Ambatolampy.
Jean AndréSoja is a Malagasy politician. He is a member of the Senate of Madagascar for Anosy. He was elected member of the senate before 2002. He also was a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara and is the founder of Liaraike,his personal party.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17,2009,as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina,who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military,which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
General elections were held in Madagascar on 20 December 2013,following a first round of presidential elections on 25 October. The presidential elections in December were a runoff between Jean Louis Robinson and Hery Rajaonarimampianina,the top two candidates to emerge from the first round of voting in October. The official results of the second round were announced on 7 January 2014 with Rajaonarimampianina proclaimed the victor with nearly 54% of the vote.
Brigadier General Albert Camille Vital is a Malagasy Army officer,politician and civil engineer who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2009 to 2011 after the 2009 Coup d'Etat. He is the president of the Parti Hiaraka Isika.
Jean Omer Beriziky is a Malagasy politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Madagascar in the government of consensus of President Andry Rajoelina from 2011 to 2014.
Mialy Razakandisa Rajoelina is the first lady of Madagascar as wife of President Andry Rajoelina. She previously held the role of first lady during her husband's presidency of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar from 2009 to 2014 and during his presidency of Madagascar from 2019 to 2023.
Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoarimanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the seventh President of Madagascar from 2014 to 2018,resigning to run for re-election.
Guy Célin Rivoniaina Randrianarisoa,often known as Guy Rivo Randrianarisoa,is a Malagasy businessman and politician. In February 2009,he was appointed Mayor of Antananarivo by President Marc Ravalomanana to replace Andry Rajoelina,who was removed from the office after declaring himself the leader of Madagascar. Since 2014,he has served as a member of the National Assembly.
Christian Louis Ntsay is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation due to widespread protests throughout the country. Ntsay is considered a technocrat and has worked for the United Nations.
Rivo Rakotovao is a Malagasy politician who served as acting President of Madagascar from 2018 to 2019. Rakotovao also had served as President of the Senate of Madagascar from 2017 to 2021.
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Madagascar on 9 November 2023,with a second round on 20 December if required. On 12 October 2023,it was announced that the election would be postponed by one week to 16 November because of pre-election unrest.
The Ntsay government has governed Madagascar since 4 June 2018. It was formed by Prime Minister Christian Ntsay. Since incumbent president Andry Rajoelina resigned to run for the presidency in 2023,according to the Constitution,the Council of Ministers led by Ntsay has temporarily exercised presidential authority.
