Christopher Carlile (or Carlisle) (ca. 1530-1588) was an Anglican clergyman. [1]
Born around 1530,[ citation needed ] he studied at Clare College University of Cambridge, MA 1541, elected proctor 1548, BD 1552, then fellow of Clare College and DD. [2] By 1563 he was at Monk's Horton, Kent, 1571 rectory of Hackney, which was vacant by his death 2 August 1588. [3] Carlisle studied under Immanuel Tremellius and was an "excellent Hebrew scholar". [4] [5] In the year of his graduation, 1552, probably as many emboldened by the tolerant climate under the young Edward VI's regent John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, Carlile held a debate with Sir John Cheke in which Carlisle denied the Christ's descent into hell. Carlile's denial of the descent into Hell had been anticipated by William Tyndale, and within his own lifetime was shared by Wouter Deelen (Gualterus Delenus) pastor of the Dutch church at Austin Friars, and another Hebrew scholar. Since Wouter Deelen had been first Hebrew professor at Amsterdam, and Tremellius was, at the time of the debate, professor of Hebrew at Cambridge, it is probable that both men were among Carlile's audience on the occasion. Tremellius and Deelen both left England when the young Edward VI died, aged 15, the next summer. They may have taken notes of the debate with them and published them in some form, or at least evidently some form of transcript of the debate must have found its way to Europe since ten years later Carlile found himself the joint target of a refutation by former Oxford scholar Richard Smyth (Regius Professor) (Louvain 1562), in a second section of a tract where Carlile had the honour of sharing the title with non-other than Jean Calvin. [6] Carlile’s origins are obscure, but we know more about the family that descended from him. He married Jane or Mary Hales, daughter of sir James Hales of Dungeon in Canterbury, Kent. Her first husband was Walter Mantell of Monks Horton, Kent, who was executed in 1554 for his part in Wyatt’s Rebellion. Through his wife, Carlile was related both to Barnabe Googe, through Walter Mantell’s sister Margaret, and to Alexander Neville, through his sister Anne. Christopher and Jane or Mary Hales had three children : Jonathan Carlile of Barham; capt. James Carlile, who died in Ireland; Anne (b. 1567); and Jane (b. 1569). [7]
In Christian theology, the Harrowing of Hell is the descent of Jesus into Hell, a period of time between the Crucifixion of Jesus and his resurrection. During this period, Jesus granted salvation to the righteous who had previously died.
Barnabe Googe or Goche was a poet and translator, one of the earliest English pastoral poets.
Sir Robert Filmer was an English political theorist who defended the divine right of kings. His best known work, Patriarcha, published posthumously in 1680, was the target of numerous Whig attempts at rebuttal, including Algernon Sidney's Discourses Concerning Government, James Tyrrell's Patriarcha Non Monarcha and John Locke's Two Treatises of Government. Filmer also wrote critiques of Thomas Hobbes, John Milton, Hugo Grotius and Aristotle.
Andreas Osiander was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer.
William Damasus Lindanus or Van der Lindt was a 16th-century Bishop of Roermond and Bishop of Ghent.
Thomas Wilson (1524–1581), Esquire, LL.D., was an English diplomat and judge who served as a privy councillor and Secretary of State (1577–81) to Queen Elizabeth I. He is remembered especially for his Logique (1551) and The Arte of Rhetorique (1553), which have been called "the first complete works on logic and rhetoric in English".
Peter Osborne, Esquire, (1521–1592) was Keeper of the Privy Purse to King Edward VI, at a time when great constitutional changes affected the management of public finance. Of reformist sympathies in religion, his career was in abeyance during the reign of Queen Mary but regained momentum as Remembrancer in the Exchequer under Elizabeth, working usually to his marital kinsman Lord Burghley, and he sat in seven parliaments between 1559 and 1589.
Guido de Bres was a Walloon pastor, Protestant reformer and theologian, a student of John Calvin and Theodore Beza in Geneva. He was born in Mons, County of Hainaut, Southern Netherlands, and was executed at Valenciennes, aged 45. De Bres compiled and published the Walloon Confession of Faith known as the Belgic Confession (1561) still in use today in Belgium and the Netherlands. It is also used by many Reformed Churches all over the world.
John Hales was a writer, administrator, and member of parliament during the Tudor period.
George Gifford was a Puritan preacher at Maldon, Essex.
Andreas Gerhard Hyperius (1511–1564), real name Andreas Gheeraerdts, was a Protestant theologian and Protestant reformer. He was Flemish, born at Ypres, which is signified by the name 'Hyperius'.
Robert Some (Soame) (1542–1609) was an English churchman and academic. Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge from 1589, Some played a prominent part in the ecclesiastical controversies of his time, taking a middle course, hostile alike to extreme Puritans and Anglicans.
Robert Beale was an English diplomat, administrator, and antiquary in the reign of Elizabeth I. As Clerk of the Privy Council, Beale wrote the official record of the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, to which he was an eyewitness.
Nicholas Robinson was a Welsh bishop of Bangor.
Christopher Carleill was an English military and naval commander.
Wouter Deelen (c.1500–1563) was a Dutch Anabaptist, Greek and Hebrew scholar, for a time librarian of Henry VIII, and then preacher at the Dutch church in London.
Francesco Stancaro was an Italian Catholic priest, theologian, Protestant convert, and Protestant reformer who became professor of Hebrew at the University of Königsberg.
Sir James Hales was an English judge from Kent, the son of the politician and judge John Hales. Though a Protestant, he refused to seal the document settling the crown on the Protestant claimant Lady Jane Grey in 1553, and during the following reign of the Catholic Queen Mary opposed the relaxation of the laws against religious nonconformity. Imprisoned for his lack of sympathy to Catholicism and subjected to intense pressure to convert, in a disturbed state of mind he committed suicide by drowning. The resulting lawsuit of Hales v. Petit is considered to be a source of the gravediggers' dialogue after Ophelia drowns herself in Shakespeare's play Hamlet.