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Joseon was a Korean dynastic kingdom that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amnok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
The Korean Empire was an independent unified Korean state proclaimed in October 1897 by Emperor Gojong of the Joseon Dynasty. The empire stood until Japan's annexation of Korea in August 1910.
Lee, I, or Yi is the second-most-common surname in Korea, behind Kim (Gim). Historically, 李 was officially written as Ni in Korea. The spelling officially changed to I in 1933 when the initial sound rule was established. In North Korea, it is romanized as Ri because there is no distinction between the alveolar liquids /l/ and /r/ in modern Korean. As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were 7,306,828 people by this name in South Korea or 14.7% of the population.
Jeong Dojeon, also known by his pen name Sambong, was a prominent Korean scholar-official during the late Goryeo to the early Joseon periods. He served as the first Chief State Councillor of Joseon, from 1392 until 1398 when he was killed by Yi Bang-won, the fifth son of Yi Seong-gye, the founder of the Joseon dynasty. Jeong Dojeon was an adviser to Yi Seong-gye and also the principal architect of the Joseon dynasty's policies, laying down the kingdom's ideological, institutional, and legal frameworks which would govern it for five centuries.
Jeong Seon (1676–1759) was a Korean landscape painter, also known by the pen name Kyomjae. His cha was Wonbaek and another ho was Nangok. His works include ink and oriental water paintings, such as Inwangjesaekdo (1751), Geumgang jeondo (1734), and Ingokjeongsa (1742), as well as numerous "true-view" landscape paintings on the subject of Korea and the history of its culture. He is counted among the most famous Korean painters. The landscape paintings that he produced reflect most of the geographical features of Korea. His style is realistic rather than abstract.
Yi Won (Korean: 이원) is a great-grandson of the Gojong of Korea and one of several who claim to be current head of the House of Yi. He worked as a general manager of Hyundai Home Shopping, a Hyundai Department Store Group company, until Prince Yi Ku died on 16 July 2005. He was born as the eldest son of Yi Gap, the 9th son of Prince Yi Kang by one of his partners at Hyehwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul. After the death of Yi Ku, it was decided to make Yi Won to be the adopted heir to the late prince by the Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association; Yi Won was later announced to be the director of the association on 27 June 2007. Officially, as noble titles aren't recognized by the Constitution of South Korea, Yi Won is by birth a citizen in South Korea.
The House of Yi, also called the Yi dynasty, was the royal family of the Joseon dynasty and later the imperial family of the Korean Empire, descended from the Joseon founder Yi Seong-gye. All of his descendants are members of the Jeonju Yi clan.
Jeongjong of Joseon, born Yi Bang-gwa, whose changed name is Yi Gyeong, was the second king of Joseon Dynasty (1399–1400). He was the second son of King Taejo of Joseon, the founder and first king of the dynasty.
Silhak was a Korean Confucian social reform movement in late Joseon Dynasty. Sil means "actual" or "practical", and hak means "studies" or "learning". It developed in response to the increasingly metaphysical nature of Neo-Confucianism (성리학) that seemed disconnected from the rapid agricultural, industrial, and political changes occurring in Korea between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. Silhak was designed to counter the "uncritical" following of Confucian teachings and the strict adherence to "formalism" and "ritual" by neo-Confucians. Most of the Silhak scholars were from factions excluded from power and other disaffected scholars calling for reform. They advocated an empirical Confucianism deeply concerned with human society at the practical level.
"Seongho" Yi Ik (1681–1763) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, early Silhak philosopher and social critic. He was born to a yangban family of the Yeoju Yi clan. His one disciple of Yi Seo-woo, was Misu Heo Mok and Baikho Yun Hyu's school disciples. second cousin of Yu Hyeong-won. Like most in his position, he studied for the gwageo in order to gain a position of rank; but failed in his first attempt in 1705. Shortly thereafter, his elder brother Yi Jam was beaten to death as part of the Lady Jang incident, and Yi lost interest in government service.
The National Museum of Korea is the flagship museum of Korean history and art in South Korea and is the cultural organization that represents Korea. Since its establishment in 1945, the museum has been committed to various studies and research activities in the fields of archaeology, history, and art, continuously developing a variety of exhibitions and education programs.
The Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty refers to the 40 tombs of members of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910). These tombs are scattered in over 18 locations across Korea. They were built to honor and respect the ancestors and their achievements, and assert their royal authority. The tombs have been registered as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2009. 2 tombs were not included in this list as they are currently located in Kaesong, North Korea.
The National Palace Museum of Korea is a national museum of South Korea located in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul.
Sŏnjuk Bridge is a Koryo-dynasty stone bridge located in Kaesong, North Korea. Built in 1290, it is famous as the place where famed Confucian scholar and statesman Jeong Mong-ju was assassinated, allegedly on the orders of the Yi Bang-won, son of the first king of the Joseon Dynasty, Yi Seong-gye. The bridge was closed to all traffic in 1780 and has since been a national monument. It is 8.35m long and 3.36m wide. It was originally named the Sonji Bridge, but was renamed Sonjuk Bridge after the assassination of Mong-ju because bamboo grew where he was killed.
Yu Hyeongwon (1622–1673), also spelled as Yoo Hyung-Won, was a Korean philosopher and politician. He was aNeo-Confucianist and science scholar of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was Korean pioneer of the early silhak school as well as an avid social critic and scholar of the late Joseon period. He was the disciple of Misu Heo Mok and second cousin of the silhak scholar Seongho Yi Ik.
Heo Mok was a Korean calligrapher, painter, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Joseon Dynasty, who came from the Yangcheon Heo clan. He was most commonly known by the pen name Misu.
Hamhung Royal Villa is a villa located in Sonamudong, Sapogu Station, Hamhung. Designated National Treasure no. 107 of North Korea, the villa was the residence of Yi Seong-gye before he founded the Joseon Dynasty. The villa was also the birthplace Taejo's older offspring, including his second son and his fifth son. After he abdicated in 1398 in favor of Jeongjong, Taejo rebuilt his residence at the site of his ancestor's land.
The Westerners was a political faction that dominated Korea in the 17th century. In 1567, the Sarim split into the Easterners and Westerners. The Westerners remained the main contender of the Easterners in the Seonjo age.
Queen Sinjeong, also known as Queen Dowager Hyoyu (효유왕대비), was the only wife of Crown Prince Hyomyeong and mother of Heonjong of Joseon. She served as nominal regent during Gojong's minority, between 1864–1873, although she left all de facto power to the King's father, Heungseon Daewongun, and only kept the formal title.
Jeongye Daewongun was a member of the Korean Joseon dynasty as the biological father of King Cheoljong of Joseon. His personal name was Yi Gwang, but he was also known as Kwae-deuk or Hae-dong.
References
- 1 2 3 Geumja, Ham. "Director's Welcome". Chunghyeon Museum. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 LaShure, Charles (Spring 2010). "A Tour of Korea's Jongga Museums". Koreana: A Quarterly on Korean Arts and Culture. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
