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The Toilers League, also designated the Workers League or Ligue des Travailleurs (LT) in French, is a Lebanese left-wing political party founded in Lebanon at the late 1960s and currently led by former Chouf MP Zaher el-Khatib.
The Mountain War, also known as the War of the Mountain and Guerre de la Montagne in French, was a subconflict between the 1982–83 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and the 1984–89 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, which occurred at the mountainous Chouf District located south-east of the Lebanese Capital Beirut. It pitted the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF) and the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) against a coalition of anti-government Muslim leftist militias led by the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), backed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syria. Hostilities began when the LF and the LAF entered the predominantly Druze Chouf district to bring back the region under government control, only to be met with fierce resistance from local Druze militias and their allies. The PSP leader Walid Jumblatt's persistence to join the central government and his instigation of a wider opposition faction led to disintegration of the already fragile LAF and the eventual collapse of the government under President Amin Gemayel.
Voting to elect eight members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Beirut I district on March 24, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. The constituency had 98,439 eligible voters, out of whom 28,631 voted. The elections in Beirut I passed smoothly without violent incidents.
Voting to elect three members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Beirut II district on March 24, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. The constituency had 34,113 eligible voters, out of whom 17,004 voted.
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Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Koura District in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Greek Orthodox community. Koura District had 31,531 eligible voters, out of whom 13,753 voted. Three tickets contested the election. The election was marred by violent incidents and threats.
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Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Batroun District in northern Lebanon in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community. Batroun District had 24,331 eligible voters, out of whom 9,458 voted. It had the lowest number of eligible as well as actual voters of all constituencies in the country. Seven candidates contested the election. The constituency witnessed a clash of both organized political parties as well as family interests.
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The Voice of the Mountain was a radio station operated by the Progressive Socialist Party during the Lebanese Civil War.
The People's Liberation Army – PLA or Armée de Libération Populaire (ALP) in French, also known as the Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt, was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) from 1975 to 1982.
Zaher el-Khatib is a Lebanese Sunni politician.
References
- ↑ Kingston, Paul; Spears, Ian S., eds. (2004). "Rebuilding A House of Many Mansions: The Rise and Fall of Militia Cantons in Lebanon". States-Within-States. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 87. doi:10.1057/9781403981011. ISBN 978-1-349-52777-9.
- ↑ Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society (2009), pp. 100-101.
- ↑ Harik, Judith P. (1993). "Change and Continuity among the Lebanese Druze Community: The Civil Administration of the Mountains, 1983-90". Middle Eastern Studies. 29 (3): 377–398. doi:10.1080/00263209308700957. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283575.
- 1 2 Ibrahim, Roula (23 September 2012). "Walid Jumblatt and His Two Right Hands". Al Akhbar. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
- ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa , Eds 8247–8273. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1986
- ↑ Mekhon Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah, and Merkaz Dayan le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-Tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah (Universiṭat Tel-Aviv). Middle East Contemporary Survey . New York: Holmes & Meier, 1986. p. xxx