Claire Paris

Last updated
Claire Paris
Alma materState University of New York at Stony Brook
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Miami
Thesis Transport dynamics and survival of the pelagic larval stages of a coral reef fish, the bicolor damselfish, Stegastes partitus (Poey)  (2001)

Claire Beatrix Paris-Limouzy, also known as Claire Paris, is marine scientist known for her research on fish larvae and tracking particles in the ocean. She also holds United States national records in freediving.

Contents

Education and career

Paris grew up in Carcassonne, France and had an early interests in snorkeling, surfing, and sailing. [1] She has a master's degree in biochemistry from the University of Bordeaux. She earned her Ph.D. in 2001 from the State University of New York at Stony Brook where she worked on damselfish. [2] In 2008 she moved to the University of Miami where she was promoted to professor in 2017. [3]

From 2021 until 2022, Paris is leading the early life history section of the American Fisheries Society [4]

Research

Paris is known for her research on larval migration and connections between populations of larval fish. She has tracked the movement of larval fish in currents around coral reefs, [5] [6] determined how coral reef fish larvae are able to retain their position on a reef, [7] [8] and quantified the export of larval fish from marine reserves. [9] Her research has determined the effects of sound on larval fish, [1] discovered that fish larvae make sounds [10] and that fish larvae are attracted by the chemical compound dimethyl sulfide. [11] Her research uses Lagrangian instruments to observe larvae in the water [1] and she has developed a modelling system to track particles in the ocean. [12] She takes advantage of her freediving to conduct experiments without disturbing fish [13] and to place instruments deep in the water. [14] [15] The sounds recorded with these instruments can be used for science[ citation needed ] and in art installations. [16] Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Paris developed a model that predicted that the oil would form a plume and move southwest for the site where it was exiting the seafloor. [17] [18] She also examined organic aerosols downwind of the oil spill [19] and the exposure of fish larvae to oil. [20]

Selected publications

Freediving

Paris is a record-holding competitive freediver, a hobby she began in 2013 after a research project in Belize. [15] She placed fourth in her first competition and has improved to the point of holding United States' national records in freediving events. [13] As of 2021, she is on the United States' national freediving team. [21] In 2015, she set her first national record in the women's dynamic no-fins event (DNF) when she swam 128 meters on one breath. [1] [22] In 2018, she set the national record in dynamic apnea with fins (DYN) with a swim of 184 meters on a single breath, [23] which she surpassed in 2019 with a distance of 197 meters. [13] Paris developed a class at the University of Miami on Scientific Freediving [24] which was the first of its kind at the university. [13] [14]

Awards and honors

In 2018, Paris was awarded the Rachel Carson lecture by the American Geophysical Union. [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coral</span> Marine invertebrates of the class Anthozoa

Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coral reef</span> Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange clownfish</span> Species of fish

The orange clownfish also known as percula clownfish and clown anemonefish, is widely known as a popular aquarium fish. Like other clownfishes, it often lives in association with sea anemones. A. percula is associated specifically with Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla gigantea, and as larvae use chemical cues released from the anemones to identify and locate the appropriate host species to use them for shelter and protection. This causes preferential selection when finding their anemone host species. Although popular, maintaining this species in captivity is rather complex. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority regulates the number of collection permits issued to aquarium fish dealers who seek this, and other tropical fish within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The symbiosis between anemonefish and anemones depends on the presence of the fish drawing other fish to the anemone, where they are stung by its venomous tentacles. The anemone helps the fish by giving it protection from predators, which include brittle stars, wrasses, and other damselfish, and the fish helps the anemone by feeding it, increasing oxygenation, and removing waste material from the host. Various hypotheses exist about the fish's ability to live within the anemone without being harmed. One study carried out at Marineland of the Pacific by Dr. Demorest Davenport and Dr. Kenneth Noris in 1958 revealed that the mucus secreted by the anemone fish prevented the anemone from discharging its lethal stinging nematocysts. A second hypothesis is that A. percula has acquired immunity towards the sea anemone's toxins, and a combination of the two has been shown to be the case. The fish feed on algae, zooplankton, worms, and small crustaceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coral bleaching</span> Phenomenon where coral expel algae tissue

Coral bleaching is the process when corals become white due to various stressors, such as changes in temperature, light, or nutrients. Bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel the zooxanthellae that live inside their tissue, causing the coral to turn white. The zooxanthellae are photosynthetic, and as the water temperature rises, they begin to produce reactive oxygen species. This is toxic to the coral, so the coral expels the zooxanthellae. Since the zooxanthellae produce the majority of coral colouration, the coral tissue becomes transparent, revealing the coral skeleton made of calcium carbonate. Most bleached corals appear bright white, but some are blue, yellow, or pink due to pigment proteins in the coral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow tang</span> Species of fish

The yellow tang, also known as the lemon sailfin, yellow sailfin tang or somber surgeonfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae which includes the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. It is one of the most popular marine aquarium fish. It is bright yellow in color, and it lives in reefs. The yellow tang spawn around a full moon. The yellow tang eats algae. The yellow tang has a white barb, located just before the tail fin, to protect itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown-of-thorns starfish</span> Species of starfish

The crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the biblical crown of thorns. It is one of the largest starfish in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Artificial reef</span> Human-made underwater structure that functions as a reef

An artificial reef (AR) is a human-created freshwater or marine benthic structure. Typically built in areas with a generally featureless bottom to promote marine life, it may be intended to control erosion, protect coastal areas, block ship passage, block the use of trawling nets, support reef restoration, improve aquaculture, or enhance scuba diving and surfing. Early artificial reefs were built by the Persians and the Romans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fish locomotion</span> Ways that fish move around

Fish locomotion is the various types of animal locomotion used by fish, principally by swimming. This is achieved in different groups of fish by a variety of mechanisms of propulsion, most often by wave-like lateral flexions of the fish's body and tail in the water, and in various specialised fish by motions of the fins. The major forms of locomotion in fish are:

<i>Lophelia</i> Species of cnidarian

Lophelia pertusa, the only species in the genus Lophelia, is a cold-water coral that grows in the deep waters throughout the North Atlantic ocean, as well as parts of the Caribbean Sea and Alboran Sea. Although L. pertusa reefs are home to a diverse community, the species is extremely slow growing and may be harmed by destructive fishing practices, or oil exploration and extraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fourspot butterflyfish</span> Species of fish

The four-spotted butterflyfish or fourspot butterflyfish is a species of butterflyfish found in the Pacific Ocean from the Ryukyus, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands and Taiwan to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Pitcairn islands, south to the Samoan and Austral Islands and the Marianas and Marshall Islands in Micronesia.

Marine larval ecology is the study of the factors influencing dispersing larvae, which many marine invertebrates and fishes have. Marine animals with a larva typically release many larvae into the water column, where the larvae develop before metamorphosing into adults.

<i>Chromis atripectoralis</i> Species of fish

The black-axil chromis, also known as the blackfin chromis or blue-green puller, is a damselfish from the tropical Indo-Pacific. This fish can reach almost 12 centimetres (4.7 in) in length. It inhabits lagoons and reefs after settlement in the late-larval stage, and often occurs in large numbers, feeding above Acropora corals. This fish mostly feeds upon copepods, amphipods, and zoea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deep-water coral</span>

The habitat of deep-water corals, also known as cold-water corals, extends to deeper, darker parts of the oceans than tropical corals, ranging from near the surface to the abyss, beyond 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where water temperatures may be as cold as 4 °C (39 °F). Deep-water corals belong to the Phylum Cnidaria and are most often stony corals, but also include black and thorny corals and soft corals including the Gorgonians. Like tropical corals, they provide habitat to other species, but deep-water corals do not require zooxanthellae to survive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spawn (biology)</span> Process of aquatic animals releasing sperm and eggs into water

Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals. As a verb, to spawn refers to the process of freely releasing eggs and sperm into a body of water ; the physical act is known as spawning. The vast majority of non-mammalian, non-avian and non-reptilian aquatic and/or amphibious lifeforms reproduce through this process, including the:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Environmental issues with coral reefs</span> Factors which adversely affect tropical coral reefs

Human activities have substantial impact on coral reefs, contributing to their worldwide decline.[1] Damaging activities encompass coral mining, pollution, overfishing, blast fishing, as well as the excavation of canals and access points to islands and bays. Additional threats comprise disease, destructive fishing practices, and the warming of oceans.[2] Furthermore, the ocean's function as a carbon dioxide sink, alterations in the atmosphere, ultraviolet light, ocean acidification, viral infections, the repercussions of dust storms transporting agents to distant reefs, pollutants, and algal blooms represent some of the factors exerting influence on coral reefs. Importantly, the jeopardy faced by coral reefs extends far beyond coastal regions. The ramifications of climate change, notably global warming, induce an elevation in ocean temperatures that triggers coral bleaching—a potentially lethal phenomenon for coral ecosystems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planktivore</span> Aquatic organism that feeds on planktonic food

A planktivore is an aquatic organism that feeds on planktonic food, including zooplankton and phytoplankton. Planktivorous organisms encompass a range of some of the planet's smallest to largest multicellular animals in both the present day and in the past billion years; basking sharks and copepods are just two examples of giant and microscopic organisms that feed upon plankton. Planktivory can be an important mechanism of top-down control that contributes to trophic cascades in aquatic and marine systems. There is a tremendous diversity of feeding strategies and behaviors that planktivores utilize to capture prey. Some planktivores utilize tides and currents to migrate between estuaries and coastal waters; other aquatic planktivores reside in lakes or reservoirs where diverse assemblages of plankton are present, or migrate vertically in the water column searching for prey. Planktivore populations can impact the abundance and community composition of planktonic species through their predation pressure, and planktivore migrations facilitate nutrient transport between benthic and pelagic habitats.

Environmental impact of the <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> oil spill

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has been described as the worst environmental disaster in the United States, releasing about 4.9 million barrels of crude oil making it the largest marine oil spill. Both the spill and the cleanup efforts had effects on the environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mesophotic coral reef</span>

A Mesophotic coral reef or mesophotic coral ecosystem (MCE), originally from the Latin word meso (meaning middle) and photic (meaning light), is characterised by the presence of both light-dependent coral and algae, and organisms that can be found in water with low light penetration. Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem (MCEs) is a new, widely-adopted term used to refer to mesophotic coral reefs, as opposed to other similar terms like "deep coral reef communities" and "twilight zone", since those terms sometimes are confused due to their unclear, interchangeable nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocean surface ecosystem</span>

Organisms that live freely at the ocean surface, termed neuston, include keystone organisms like the golden seaweed Sargassum that makes up the Sargasso Sea, floating barnacles, marine snails, nudibranchs, and cnidarians. Many ecologically and economically important fish species live as or rely upon neuston. Species at the surface are not distributed uniformly; the ocean's surface harbours unique neustonic communities and ecoregions found at only certain latitudes and only in specific ocean basins. But the surface is also on the front line of climate change and pollution. Life on the ocean's surface connects worlds. From shallow waters to the deep sea, the open ocean to rivers and lakes, numerous terrestrial and marine species depend on the surface ecosystem and the organisms found there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iliana Baums</span> Coral reef ecologist

Iliana B. Baums is a professor at Pennsylvania State University known for her work on coral reef ecology.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Robertson, Linda (October 31, 2015). "Deep thinker: UM oceanographer also a champion free diver | Miami Herald". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  2. ↑ Paris-Limouzy, Claire Beatrix (2001). Transport dynamics and survival of the pelagic larval stages of a coral reef fish, the bicolor damselfish, Stegastes partitus (Poey) (Thesis). OCLC   51211111.
  3. ↑ "Claire B. Paris ORCID page". orcid.org. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  4. ↑ "Past Section Presidents | American Fisheries Society". fisheries.org. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  5. ↑ Limouzy-Paris, Claire B.; Graber, Hans C.; Jones, David L.; Röpke, Andreas W.; Richards, William J. (1997-07-01). "Translocation of Larval Coral Reef Fishes Via Sub-Mesoscale Spin-Off Eddies from the Florida Current". Bulletin of Marine Science. 60 (3): 966–983.
  6. ↑ Paris, Claire B.; Cowen, Robert K.; Lwiza, Kamazima M. M.; Wang, Dong-Ping; Olson, Donald B. (2002-08-01). "Multivariate objective analysis of the coastal circulation of Barbados, West Indies: implication for larval transport". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 49 (8): 1363–1386. Bibcode:2002DSRI...49.1363P. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00033-X. ISSN   0967-0637.
  7. ↑ Paris, Claire B.; Cowen, Robert K. (2004). "Direct evidence of a biophysical retention mechanism for coral reef fish larvae". Limnology and Oceanography. 49 (6): 1964–1979. Bibcode:2004LimOc..49.1964P. doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.6.1964. ISSN   1939-5590. S2CID   207307.
  8. ↑ Paris, Cb; Cowen, Rk; Claro, R; Lindeman, Kc (2005). "Larval transport pathways from Cuban snapper (Lutjanidae) spawning aggregations based on biophysical modeling". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 296: 93–106. Bibcode:2005MEPS..296...93P. doi: 10.3354/meps296093 . ISSN   0171-8630.
  9. ↑ Pelc, R. A.; Warner, R. R.; Gaines, S. D.; Paris, C. B. (2010-10-26). "Detecting larval export from marine reserves". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (43): 18266–18271. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0907368107 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   2972938 . PMID   20181570.
  10. ↑ Staaterman, Erica; Paris, Claire B.; Kough, Andrew S. (2014-10-31). "First evidence of fish larvae producing sounds". Biology Letters. 10 (10): 20140643. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0643. PMC   4272208 . PMID   25274018.
  11. ↑ Foretich, Matthew A.; Paris, Claire B.; Grosell, Martin; Stieglitz, John D.; Benetti, Daniel D. (2017). "Dimethyl Sulfide is a Chemical Attractant for Reef Fish Larvae". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 2498. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.2498F. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02675-3. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   5451384 . PMID   28566681.
  12. ↑ Paris, Claire B.; Helgers, Judith; van Sebille, Erik; Srinivasan, Ashwanth (2013-04-01). "Connectivity Modeling System: A probabilistic modeling tool for the multi-scale tracking of biotic and abiotic variability in the ocean". Environmental Modelling & Software. 42: 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.12.006. ISSN   1364-8152.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Tannen, Janette Neuwahl (October 23, 2020). "Oceanographer finds solace under the surface". news.miami.edu. Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  14. 1 2 Paris, Claire; Paris, Ricardo (August 1, 2020). "Freediving for Science". Divers Alert Network. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  15. 1 2 Meinch, Timothy (August 30, 2021). "Deep, Slow Breathing: An Antidote to Our Age of Anxiety?". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
  16. ↑ "Passage (2017)". Simon Maisch. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
  17. ↑ Le Hénaff, Matthieu; Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.; Paris, Claire B.; Helgers, Judith; Aman, Zachary M.; Hogan, Patrick J.; Srinivasan, Ashwanth (2012-07-03). "Surface Evolution of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Patch: Combined Effects of Circulation and Wind-Induced Drift". Environmental Science & Technology. 46 (13): 7267–7273. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.7267L. doi:10.1021/es301570w. ISSN   0013-936X. PMID   22676453.
  18. ↑ Paris, Claire B.; Hénaff, Matthieu Le; Aman, Zachary M.; Subramaniam, Ajit; Helgers, Judith; Wang, Dong-Ping; Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.; Srinivasan, Ashwanth (2012-12-18). "Evolution of the Macondo Well Blowout: Simulating the Effects of the Circulation and Synthetic Dispersants on the Subsea Oil Transport". Environmental Science & Technology. 46 (24): 13293–13302. Bibcode:2012EnST...4613293P. doi:10.1021/es303197h. ISSN   0013-936X. PMID   23167517.
  19. ↑ de Gouw, J. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Warneke, C.; Ahmadov, R.; Atlas, E. L.; Bahreini, R.; Blake, D. R.; Brock, C. A.; Brioude, J.; Fahey, D. W.; Fehsenfeld, F. C. (2011-03-11). "Organic Aerosol Formation Downwind from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill". Science. 331 (6022): 1295–1299. Bibcode:2011Sci...331.1295D. doi:10.1126/science.1200320. PMID   21393539. S2CID   6875327.
  20. ↑ Cresci, Alessandro; Paris, Claire B.; Browman, Howard I.; Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Shema, Steven; Bjelland, Reidun; Durif, Caroline M. F.; Foretich, Matthew; Di Persia, Camilla; Lucchese, Veronica; Vikebø, Frode B. (2020-11-03). "Effects of Exposure to Low Concentrations of Oil on the Expression of Cytochrome P4501a and Routine Swimming Speed of Atlantic Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Larvae In Situ". Environmental Science & Technology. 54 (21): 13879–13887. Bibcode:2020EnST...5413879C. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c04889. ISSN   0013-936X. PMC   7659032 . PMID   32990430.
  21. ↑ "USA Freediving | Team USA 2020". 2021-03-03. Archived from the original on 2021-03-03. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  22. ↑ Koe, Francesca (August 18, 2015). "Claire Paris Sets A New Freediving Record For USA - DeeperBlue.com". www.deeperblue.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  23. ↑ Koe, Francesca (June 8, 2018). "Ippo Zutsu: Claire Paris Smashes USA Freediving Record - DeeperBlue.com". www.deeperblue.com. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  24. ↑ "RSMAS General (RSM) < University of Miami". bulletin.miami.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  25. ↑ "UM professor recipient of Ocean Sciences Rachel Carson Lecture from the AGU". EurekAlert!. August 17, 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
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