Related Research Articles
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images or sounds.
A library classification is a system of organization of knowledge in which sources are arranged according to the classification scheme and ordered very systematically. Library classifications are a notational system that represents the order of topics in the classification and allows items to be stored in the order of classification. Library classification systems group related materials together, typically arranged as a hierarchical tree structure. A different kind of classification system, called a faceted classification system, is also widely used, which allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to be ordered in many ways.
Information science is an academic field which is primarily concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. Practitioners within and outside the field study the application and the usage of knowledge in organizations in addition to the interaction between people, organizations, and any existing information systems with the aim of creating, replacing, improving, or understanding the information systems.
Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan was a librarian and mathematician from India. His most notable contributions to the field were his five laws of library science and the development of the first major faceted classification system, the colon classification. He is considered to be the father of library science, documentation, and information science in India and is widely known throughout the rest of the world for his fundamental thinking in the field. His birthday is observed every year as the National Librarian Day in India.
A faceted classification is a classification scheme used in organizing knowledge into a systematic order. A faceted classification uses semantic categories, either general or subject-specific, that are combined to create the full classification entry. Many library classification systems use a combination of a fixed, enumerative taxonomy of concepts with subordinate facets that further refine the topic.
Document classification or document categorization is a problem in library science, information science and computer science. The task is to assign a document to one or more classes or categories. This may be done "manually" or algorithmically. The intellectual classification of documents has mostly been the province of library science, while the algorithmic classification of documents is mainly in information science and computer science. The problems are overlapping, however, and there is therefore interdisciplinary research on document classification.
The Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) is a nonprofit membership organization for information professionals that sponsors an annual conference as well as several serial publications, including the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST). The organization provides administration and communications support for its various divisions, known as special-interest groups or SIGs; provides administration for geographically defined chapters; connects job seekers with potential employers; and provides organizational support for continuing education programs for information professionals.
Information seeking is the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both human and technological contexts. Information seeking is related to, but different from, information retrieval (IR).
Nicholas J. Belkin is a professor at the School of Communication and Information at Rutgers University. Among the main themes of his research are digital libraries; information-seeking behaviors; and interaction between humans and information retrieval systems. Belkin is best known for his work on human-centered Information Retrieval and the hypothesis of Anomalous State of Knowledge (ASK). Belkin realized that in many cases, users of search systems are unable to precisely formulate what they need. They miss some vital knowledge to formulate their queries. In such cases it is more suitable to attempt to describe a user's anomalous state of knowledge than to ask the user to specify her/his need as a request to the system.
Derek Austin was a British librarian and author.
Information behavior is a field of information science research that seeks to understand the way people search for and use information in various contexts. It can include information seeking and information retrieval, but it also aims to understand why people seek information and how they use it. The term 'information behavior' was coined by Thomas D. Wilson in 1982 and sparked controversy upon its introduction. The term has now been adopted and Wilson's model of information behavior is widely cited in information behavior literature. In 2000, Wilson defined information behavior as "the totality of human behavior in relation to sources and channels of information".
Mortimer Taube was an American librarian. He is on the list of the 100 most important leaders in American Library and Information Science of the 20th century. He was important to the Library Science field because he invented Coordinate Indexing, which uses "uniterms" in the context of cataloging. It is the forerunner to computer based searches. In the early 1950s he started his own company, Documentation, Inc. with Gerald J. Sophar. Previously he worked at such institutions as the Library of Congress, the Department of Defense, and the Atomic Energy Commission. American Libraries calls him "an innovator and inventor, as well as scholar and savvy businessman." Current Biography called him the "Dewey of mid-twentieth Librarianship." Mortimer Taube was a very active man with varying interests such as tennis, philosophy, sailing, music, and collecting paintings.
Documentation science is the study of the recording and retrieval of information. Documentation science gradually developed into the broader field of information science.
Brian Campbell Vickery was a British information scientist and classification researcher, and Professor and director at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies at University College London from 1973 to 1983.
Jack Mills was a British librarian and classification researcher, who worked for more than sixty years in the study, teaching, development and promotion of library classification and information retrieval, principally as a major figure in the British school of facet analysis which builds on the traditions of Henry E. Bliss and S.R. Ranganathan.
Douglas John Foskett OBE was a British librarian and library and information scientist, and author of several special faceted classification systems.
Ingetraut Dahlberg was a German information scientist and philosopher who developed the universal Information Coding Classification covering some 6,500 subject fields. Her career spanned various roles in research, teaching, editing, and publishing. Dahlberg founded the journal International Classification as well as both the scientific Society for Classification and International Society for Knowledge Organization.
The London Education Classification is a library classification and indexing thesaurus used at the UCL Institute of Education. It was devised by D.J. Foskett and Joy Foskett. It was devised to address deficiencies in general classification schemes in dealing with education. It was originally devised in 1963, and revised in 1974. It is a faceted classification, inspired by the work of S.R. Ranganathan and of the Classification Research Group.
Serbin Oleh is a Ukrainian librarian. He is Director of the Maksymovych Scientific Library of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, and Associate Professor of Information, library science and archiving of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Oleh is specialised in the field of systematization, indexing, library and information classifications in Ukraine.
Pauline Atherton Cochrane is an American librarian and one of the most highly cited authors in the field of library and information sciences. She is considered a leading researcher in the campaign to redesign catalogues and indexes to provide improved online subject access in library and information services as well as "a leading teacher and theorist in cataloging, indexing, and information access."
References
- ↑ Foskett, D. J. (1971). "The Classification Research Group 1952-1968". In Kent, A.; Lancour, H. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Vol. 5. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 141–145.
- ↑ Hopkins, F. (1973). "General classification theory: a review of the CRG work". Library Resources and Technical Services. 17 (2): 201–210.
- ↑ Justice, A. (2004). "Information science as a facet of the history of British science: the origins of the Classification Research Group". In Rayward, B.; Bowden, M. E. (eds.). The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems. Medford, NJ: Information Today. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.163.7203 .
- ↑ McIlwaine, I.; Broughton, V. (2000). "The Classification Research Group: then and now". Knowledge Organization. 27 (4): 195–199.
- ↑ Wilson, T. D. (1972). "The work of the British CRG". In Wellisch, H.; Wilson, T. D. (eds.). Subject Retrieval in the Seventies: New Directions. Proceedings of an International Symposium held at the Center of Adult Education, University of Maryland, College Park, May 14–15, 1971. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. pp. 62–71.
- ↑ Spiteri, L. F. (1995). "The Classification Research Group and the Theory of Integrative Levels". Katharine Sharp Review. 1 (Summer 1995): 1–6. Archived from the original on 2001-12-22.