The Colonial Secretary of Western Australia was one of the most important and powerful public offices in Western Australia, in the time when Western Australia was a British colony. The Colonial Secretary was the representative of the British Colonial Office in Western Australia, and was usually appointed from Britain. He was responsible for all official correspondence between the colony and the Colonial Office. He was at all times a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council and the Western Australian Executive Council.
After Western Australia gained responsible government in 1890, the office of Colonial Secretary became a ministerial portfolio. The responsibilities of the office changed substantially, and it was no longer such an important role. Colebatch (2004) described the office of Colonial Secretary in 1917 as
responsible for a large number of departments including Aborigines, Public Health, charities and many of the state trading concerns including the State Shipping Service. The position required a great deal of detailed work and would always attract many Parliamentary Questions, but did not allow the minister much scope for initiative or achievement.
Since Western Australia was no longer a British colony after 1901, the office of Colonial Secretary was misnamed after this date. In 1924, the office was renamed to Chief Secretary.
The following is a list of colonial secretaries of Western Australia:
Colonial Secretary | Period in office |
---|---|
Peter Broun | 1828–1846 |
George Fletcher Moore (acting) | November 1846–1847 |
Richard Robert Madden | May 1847–1849 |
Revett Bland (acting) [1] | January 1849–March 1850 |
Thomas Yule (acting) | March 1850–October 1850 |
Charles Alexander John Piesse | October 1850–March 1851 |
Thomas Yule (acting) | March–December 1851 |
Thomas Falconer | From March 1851 but never arrived in colony |
William Ayshford Sanford | January 1852–July 1855 |
Frederick Barlee | July 1855–24 November 1875 (on leave from 24 July 1875) |
Anthony O'Grady Lefroy (acting) | 24 July 1875–30 August 1877 |
Roger Goldsworthy [2] | 30 August 1877–7 September 1880 |
Edric Gifford | 2 November 1880–21 January 1883 |
Malcolm Fraser | 5 January 1883–28 December 1890 |
Matthew Smith (acting) | 8 December 1885–18 April 1887 |
George Shenton | 29 December 1890–11 October 1892 |
Stephen Parker | 11 October 1892–4 December 1894 |
John Forrest | 4 December 1894–28 April 1898 |
George Randell | 28 April 1898–27 May 1901 |
Frederick Illingworth | 27 May–21 November 1901 |
Matthew Moss | 21 November–23 December 1901 |
Frederick Illingworth | 23 December 1901–30 June 1902 |
Walter Kingsmill | 1 July 1902–10 August 1904 |
George Taylor | 10 August 1904–7 June 1905 |
John Drew | 7 June–5 August 1905 |
Walter Kingsmill | 25 August 1905–7 May 1906 |
John Connolly | 7 May 1906–7 October 1911 |
John Drew | 7 October 1911–27 July 1916 |
Hal Colebatch | 27 July 1916–17 April 1919 |
Charles Hudson | 17 April–17 May 1919 |
John Scaddan | 17 May–25 June 1919 |
Frank Broun | 25 June 1919–22 August 1922 |
Richard Sampson | 22 August 1922–16 April 1924 |
The premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive branch of government in the Australian state of Western Australia. The premier has similar functions in Western Australia to those performed by the Prime Minister of Australia at the national level, subject to the different Constitutions.
Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. Governments in Westminster democracies are responsible to parliament rather than to the monarch, or, in a colonial context, to the imperial government, and in a republican context, to the president, either in full or in part. If the parliament is bicameral, then the government is responsible first to the parliament's lower house, which is more representative than the upper house, as it usually has more members and they are always directly elected.
Sir Harry Pateshall Colebatch CMG was a long-serving and occasionally controversial figure in Western Australian politics. He was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council for nearly 20 years, the twelfth Premier of Western Australia for a month in 1919, agent-general in London for five years, and a federal senator for four years.
George Leake was the third Premier of Western Australia, serving from May to November 1901 and then again from December 1901 to his death.
Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore was a British Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator. He had extensive contact with Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone.
Sir Frederick Napier Broome was a colonial administrator in the British Empire, serving in Natal, Mauritius, Western Australia, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago. The Western Australian towns of Broome and Broomehill are named after him. He has signed his name as F. Napier Broome.
Hal Gibson Pateshall Colebatch was a West Australian author, poet, lecturer, journalist, editor, and lawyer.
Sir Frederick Palgrave Barlee was Colonial Secretary of Western Australia from 1855 to 1875; Lieutenant-Governor of the British Honduras from 1877 to 1882; and Administrator of Trinidad in 1884.
An agent-general is the representative in cities abroad of the government of a Canadian province or an Australian state and, historically, also of a British colony in Jamaica, Nigeria, Canada, Malta, South Africa, Australia or New Zealand and subsequently, of a Nigerian region. Australia's and Canada's federal governments are represented by high commissions, as are all Commonwealth national governments today.
The convict era of Western Australia was the period during which Western Australia was a penal colony of the British Empire. Although it received small numbers of juvenile offenders from 1842, it was not formally constituted as a penal colony until 1849. Between 1850 and 1868, 9,721 convicts were transported to Western Australia on 43 convict ship voyages. Transportation ceased in 1868, but it was many years until the colony ceased to have any convicts in its care.
George Essex Hampton was an unpopular public official in colonial Western Australia.
Sir George Shenton was a prominent businessman in colonial Western Australia, the first Mayor of Perth, and a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council for over thirty years.
James Sykes Battye (1871–1954) was an Australian librarian who was the first chief librarian of the Victoria Public Library in Perth, Western Australia. He was a leading historian, librarian and public figure in Western Australian and also served as a Chancellor of the University of Western Australia.
Sir Stephen Henry Parker was a lawyer and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia from 1906 to 1914.
The Western Mail, or Western Mail, was the name of two weekly newspapers published in Perth, Western Australia.
The Cyclopedia of Western Australia, edited by James Battye, was the pre-eminent written summary of Western Australia's development and context prior to World War I.
George Randell was an Australian businessman and politician. He served intermittently in the Parliament of Western Australia between 1875 and 1910, including as a minister in the government of Sir John Forrest.
Sir Walter Egerton, had a long career in the administration of the British Empire, holding senior positions which included the Governorships of Lagos Colony (1904–1906), Southern Nigeria (1906–1912), and British Guiana (1912–1917).
Hillson Beasley was an English-trained architect who relocated to Australia, executing his major buildings in Melbourne (1886–96) and Perth (1896–1917). In his later career he was the Principal Architect of Western Australia's Public Works Department and designed many notable public buildings, including the Government House ballroom (1899), Parliament House, Perth (1900-1904), Fremantle Post Office (1907) and the old Perth Technical School (1910).
Staff and prisoners of Fremantle Prison occupied the former prison on The Terrace, Fremantle, in Western Australia, between 1855 and 1991. Fremantle Prison was administered by a comptroller general, sheriff, or director, responsible for the entire convict or prison system, and a superintendent in charge of the prison itself. Prison officers, known as warders in the 19th century, guarded against escapes, enforced discipline, oversaw prisoner work, and instructed inmates in trades. Officers worked under stringent conditions until they achieved representation through the Western Australian Prison Officers Union. Convicts were initially of good character, as potential future colonists, but eventually less desirable convicts were sent, until the end of transportation in 1868. As a locally run prison, Fremantle's population was generally short-sentenced white prisoners in the 1890s, with very few Aboriginal prisoners; however, by the late 20th century, most prisoners were serving longer sentences, a higher proportion of them were violent, and Aboriginal people were over-represented.