Comparison of file comparison tools

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This article compares computer software tools that compare files, and in many cases directories or folders, whether it is their main purpose or as part of more general file management.

Contents

General

Basic general information about file comparison software. This section provides an overview of the fundamental characteristics and platform availability of various file comparison tools. The information is split into two tables for better readability: basic software information and platform support details.

Basic Information

The following table presents core information about each file comparison tool, including the developer, licensing model, initial release date, and the most recent stable version. This allows for quick comparison of the maturity, availability, and licensing constraints of each tool.

NameCreator FOSS FreeFirst public release dateYear of latest stable version
Beyond Compare Scooter Software [1] No; Proprietary No19962025-12-18 (v5.1.7)
Compare++ Coode Software [2] No; ProprietaryNo20102016-7-17 (3.0.1.0b)
diff, diff3 AT&T Yes; BSD 3-clause, BSD 4-clause, CDDL, GPL, ProprietaryYes1974
Eclipse (compare)Yes; Eclipse Public License Yes2004-07-212016-09-28 (4.6.1 (Neon.1))
Ediff Michael Kifer [3] Yes; GPL Yes19942.81.4
ExamDiff Pro PrestoSoft [4] No; ProprietaryNo19982025-10-01 (Build 16.0.1.10)
Far Manager (compare)Eugene Roshal (original); FAR GroupYes; Revised BSD license Yes19962022-02-02 (v3.0 build 5959)
fc Microsoft [5] No; ProprietaryYes; Part of OS 1987
FileMerge (aka opendiff) Apple Inc. No; ProprietaryYes; (part of Apple Developer Tools)1993 (part of NEXTSTEP 3.2 [6] )2014 (v2.8)
FreeFileSync [ data missing ] Zenju Yes; GPLv3 Yes20082023-10-23 (v13.2)
Guiffy SureMergeGuiffy Software [7] No; ProprietaryNo20002025-05-06 (v12.4)
IntelliJ IDEA (compare)JetBrains [8] No; ProprietaryNo20012019-08-20 (2019.2.1)
jEdit JDiff plugin Various [9] Yes; GPLYes19982020-09-03 (5.6.0)
Lazarus Diff Lazarus (software) Yes; GPLYes20002020-07-11 (2.0.10)
Meld Stephen Kennedy [10] Yes; GPLv2+ Yes20022024-03-24 (3.22.2)
Notepad++ (compare) VariousYes; GPLv3 Yes20092015-01-06 (1.5.6.6)
Perforce P4Merge Perforce No; ProprietaryYes2019 (2019.1/1815056)
Pretty Diff Austin Cheney [11] Yes; MIT-compatibleYes20092019-09-02 (101.2.6)
RCompare AECS4U [12] Yes; MIT / Apache 2.0 Yes20252025-01-26 (v0.1.0)
Tkdiff Tkdiff [13] Yes; GPLv2+ Yes2003 (or before)2021-03-24 (v5.2.1)
Total Commander (compare)Christian Ghisler [14] No; ProprietaryNo2020-03-25 (v9.51)
twdiff (TextWrangler Diff Helper)[ data missing ]Bare Bones Software, Inc. [15] No; ProprietaryYes; with TextWrangler 2012 (1.0 (v22))
vimdiff Bram Moolenaar et al.Yes; GPL-compatible [16] Yes20012016-10-03 (v8.0.0022)
WinDiff Microsoft [17] No; ProprietaryYes; Part of Platform SDK 19922010-05-14 (v6.1.7716.0)
WinMerge Dean Grimm [18] Yes; GPLYes19982025-04-27 (v2.16.48) [19]
KDiff3 [ data missing ] (part of KDE SDK, [20] as well as a plug-in to KDE Dolphin file manager) [21] [22] Joachim Eibl and KDE SDK KDiff3 Team [23] Yes GPL v2Yes<2004 (v0.9.86)2023-01-13 (v1.10)
NameCreator FOSS FreeFirst public release dateYear of latest stable version

Platform Support

This table details the operating system compatibility and file size limitations for each comparison tool. Cross-platform availability is particularly important for teams working in heterogeneous computing environments. The maximum supported file size can be a critical factor when comparing large datasets, disk images, or media files.

NameWindowsMacintoshLinuxOther platformsMax supported file size
Beyond Compare YesYesYes> 2GB (64 bits)
Compare++ Yes [24] NoNo
diff, diff3 NoYes (Mac OS X)Yesported to most platforms as part of SCCS > 2GB but less than 64 bits
Eclipse (compare)YesYesYesAnything with Java
Ediff Yes [a] Yes (Mac OS X)YesAnything with Emacs and diff
ExamDiff Pro Yes (WinXP and up)Yes (in Wine)Yes (in Wine)
Far Manager (compare)YesNoNoThere's a beta-version of far2l, [25] a Linux fork of FAR Manager v2 which also works on OSX/MacOS and BSD.
fc Yes (DOS)NoNo
FileMerge (aka opendiff) NoYes (Mac OS X)No
FreeFileSync [ data missing ]YesYesYes
Guiffy SureMergeYesYesYesAnything with Java > 2GB
IntelliJ IDEA (compare)YesYesYes
jEdit JDiff plugin YesYesYesAnything with Java
Lazarus DiffYesYesYesFreeBSD
Meld Yes [26] YesYes BSD, Solaris
Notepad++ (compare) Yes [27] NoNo
Perforce P4Merge YesYesYesSun Solaris
Pretty Diff Yes (Web)Yes (Web)Yes (Web) Node.js
RCompare YesYesYes> 2GB (64 bits)
Tkdiff Yes (Tcl)Yes (Tcl)Yes (Tcl)Anything with Tcl
Total Commander (compare)YesNoNo
twdiff (TextWrangler Diff Helper)[ data missing ]NoYesNoNo
vimdiff YesYesYesAnything with vim
WinDiff YesNoNoNo
WinMerge Yes (Win95 and up)Yes (in wine [28] )Yes (in wine [28] )2 GB
KDiff3 [ data missing ] (part of KDE SDK, [29] as well as a plug-in to KDE Dolphin file manager) [30] [31] Yes as part of KDevelop KDE SDK download site or from Windows store or KDE download site (most recent version) as separate application.Yes Can be downloaded from KDE SDK download site or as separate stand-alone application from KDE download site Yes Install from your Linux distribution repositories, or as AppStream, from , or as GIT project KDE Gitlab [32] or from/on . [33] Any other Unix with KDE/KF5, Qt5 and CMake, e.g. FreeBSD [34] & NetBSD [35] ?
NameWindowsMacintoshLinuxOther platformsMax supported file size

The landscape of file comparison tools ranges from legacy command-line utilities like diff (1974) to modern cross-platform applications with graphical interfaces. Open-source solutions such as Meld, WinMerge, and RCompare provide viable alternatives to commercial offerings like Beyond Compare and ExamDiff Pro. Cross-platform support has become increasingly common, with many tools now available on Windows, macOS, and Linux, though some platform-specific tools like FileMerge and fc remain tied to their respective ecosystems.

Compare features

This section examines the core comparison capabilities offered by each tool. These features determine how effectively the software can identify, display, and help resolve differences between files and directories.

NameShow
in-line
changes
Directory comparison
Binary
comparison
Moved lines3-way comparisonMergeStructured comparison [b] Manual compare alignment
Image
compare
Beyond Compare YesYesYesYesYes (Files and Folders)Yes (Pro only)YesYes
Compare++ YesYesYesYesYes (C/C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, CSS3)
diff NoYesPartialNoNoNo
diff3 NoNoYes (non-optional)
Eclipse (compare)YesNo (only ancestor)YesNo
Ediff YesYesYesYesYes
ExamDiff Pro YesYesYesYes [36] Yes (ExamDiff Pro Master only) [37] Yesmanual synchronization
Far Manager (compare)Yes (Via plugin) [38] YesYesYes (Via plugin) [38] NoNo
fc NoNoYesNoNo
FileMerge (aka opendiff) YesYesYesYes (optional ancestor)Yes
Guiffy SureMergeYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
IntelliJ IDEA (compare)YesYesYesNoYesYesYesYes
jEdit JDiff plugin YesNoYes
Lazarus Diff
Meld YesYesNoNoYesYesline alignment, unlink scroll
Notepad++ (compare) YesNoNoYesNoNoNo
Perforce P4Merge YesNoNoYesYesYes
Pretty Diff YesYesNoNoNoNoYesNo
RCompare YesYesYesNoNoNoNoNoYes
Tkdiff YesNoNoNoNoNo
Total Commander (compare)YesYesYesNoNoYesNoresync comparisonNo
vimdiff YesYes (via DirDiff plugin)YesYes
WinDiff YesYesYesYesNoNo
WinMerge YesYesYesYes (via Options)YesYesYesYes
NameShow
in-line
changes
Directory comparison
Binary
comparison
Moved lines3-way comparisonMergeStructured comparison [b] Manual compare alignment
Image
compare

The comparison feature set varies significantly across tools. Directory comparison and in-line change visualization are nearly universal among modern tools, while advanced features like three-way comparison, merge capabilities, and image comparison are primarily found in full-featured applications such as Beyond Compare, WinMerge, and IntelliJ IDEA. Basic command-line tools like diff and diff3 focus on text comparison fundamentals, while specialized tools offer structured comparison for programming languages and binary file formats.

API / editor features

This section covers the user interface options, scripting capabilities, and presentation features available in each tool. These characteristics determine how users can interact with the software and integrate it into automated workflows.

Name GUI CLI ScriptingHorizontal / verticalSyntax highlightingReports
Beyond Compare YesYesYesBothYesXML, HTML, CSV, Text, Unix Patch
Compare++ YesYesBothYesHTML, Text(combined or side-by-side)
diff NoYesHorizontalYes pipe to diff-highlight [39]
diff3 NoYesHorizontal
Eclipse (compare)YesVerticalYes
Ediff YesYeselispBothYes
ExamDiff Pro YesYesoptionalYesUNIX, HTML, Diff
Far Manager (compare)YesYesYesYesNo
fc NoYesHorizontal
FileMerge (aka opendiff) YesYesVerticalYesNo
Guiffy SureMergeYesYesJava APIBothYesHTML, Text, Unix Patch
IntelliJ IDEA (compare)YesYesVerticalYes
jEdit JDiff plugin YesBothYes
Lazarus DiffYesYes
Meld YesNoYesNo
Notepad++ (compare) YesYesBothYesNo
Perforce P4Merge YesYesVerticalYesNo
Pretty Diff YesYesJavaScriptBothYesXHTML
RCompare YesYesNoBothYesJSON
Tkdiff Yes
Total Commander (compare)YesBothNoNo
vimdiff YesYesvim scriptBothYesHTML
WinDiff YesYesHorizontalNoText
WinMerge YesYesBothYesCSV, Tab-delimited, HTML, XML
Name GUI CLI ScriptingHorizontal / verticalSyntax highlightingReports

Most modern comparison tools provide both GUI and CLI interfaces, enabling use in both interactive and automated scenarios. Syntax highlighting is widely supported across graphical tools, enhancing readability when comparing source code. Report generation capabilities vary considerably, with commercial tools like Beyond Compare and ExamDiff Pro offering multiple export formats (XML, HTML, CSV), while simpler tools provide basic text output or Unix patch format. Scripting support, where available, typically uses the platform's native scripting language (e.g., Elisp for Ediff, JavaScript for Pretty Diff, Java API for Guiffy).

Other features

This section catalogs additional specialized features that extend beyond basic comparison functionality. These capabilities often distinguish professional-grade tools from basic utilities, particularly in areas such as archive handling, remote file access, version control integration, and specialized file format support.

Some other features which did not fit in previous table

NameZIP supportFTP supportSFTP supportVersion control browsingPatch creationPatch applicationPatch previewUnicode supportXML-aware
Beyond Compare YesYesYesSVNYesYesYesYes
Compare++ SVN, CVS, Git, Microsoft TFS, Perforce, VSS using command lineYes
diff NoNoNoYesYes with patchYes with patchNoNo
diff3 NoNoNo
Eclipse (compare)Yes CVS, Subversion, Git, Mercurial, Baazar Yes
Ediff YesYesRCS, CVS, SVN, Mercurial, git (anything supported by Emacs' VC-mode) [40] YesYesYes
ExamDiff Pro Yes [41] Yes [42] normal diff onlyYes
Far Manager (compare)NoNoNoNoNoNoYesNo
fc NoNoNo
FileMerge (aka opendiff) Nosupported by OSNoNoNo
Guiffy SureMergeYesYesYesYesYes [c]
IntelliJ IDEA (compare)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
jEdit JDiff plugin YesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Lazarus Diff
Meld CVS, Subversion, Git, Mercurial, Baazar YesYes
Notepad++ (compare) NoYes [43] Git, Subversion (compare against base)NoNoNoYesNo
Perforce P4Merge NoYes
Pretty Diff NoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesYes
RCompare ZIP, TAR, TAR.GZ, TGZ, 7ZNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNo
Tkdiff NoNoCVS, RCS, SubversionNoNoNoNoNo
Total Commander (compare)YesYesYesNoNoNoNoYesNo
vimdiff YesYesYesYes
WinDiff NoNoNoNo
WinMerge YesNoMercurial, [44] Subversion, [45] Visual Source Safe, Rational ClearCase [46] YesYes
NameZIP supportFTP supportSFTP supportVersion control browsingPatch creationPatch applicationPatch previewUnicode supportXML-aware

Integration with version control systems is a key differentiator among file comparison tools, with many supporting Subversion, Git, Mercurial, and CVS. Archive support varies widely: Beyond Compare, RCompare, and several other tools can compare compressed archives directly without extraction, while basic utilities typically lack this capability. Remote file system access (FTP, SFTP) is primarily found in commercial tools and full-featured applications. Unicode support has become standard in modern tools, though legacy utilities like WinDiff and basic diff lack comprehensive character encoding support. Patch creation and application capabilities are common among developer-oriented tools, supporting workflows based on the traditional Unix diff/patch model.

Aspects

This section examines the specific file and directory attributes that each tool can compare. Beyond simple content comparison, these criteria enable more nuanced analysis of file differences, particularly important when synchronizing files across different file systems, time zones, or platforms.

What aspects can be / are compared?

NameFilename casingCRCFiledateDaylight savingCharacter casing
Beyond Compare YesYesYesYesYes
Compare++ YesYesYesYes
diff YesNoNoNoOptional
diff3
Eclipse (compare)
Ediff
ExamDiff Pro NoYesYesYesYes
Far Manager (compare)YesNoYesNoYes
fc NoOptional
FileMerge (aka opendiff) NoNoNoOptional
Guiffy SureMergefilesystem dependentYesYes
IntelliJ IDEA (compare)
jEdit JDiff plugin
Lazarus Diff
Meld
Notepad++ (compare) NoNoNoYes
Perforce P4Merge N/aNoNoNoYes
Pretty Diff N/aNoNoNoOptional
RCompare YesBLAKE3YesNoOptional
Tkdiff
Total Commander (compare)OptionalYes (in synchronize only)Optional
vimdiff NoNoNoNoYes
WinDiff NoNowhen differentYesOptional
WinMerge NoNoOptionalOptional
NameFilename casingCRCFiledateDaylight savingCharacter casing

Comparison granularity varies significantly across tools. Checksum-based comparison using CRC or cryptographic hashes (such as BLAKE3 in RCompare) provides reliable content verification independent of timestamps, though not all tools support this feature. File modification date comparison is widely available but can be problematic when files are transferred across time zones or between different file systems. Advanced tools like Beyond Compare, ExamDiff Pro, and Compare++ offer daylight saving time compensation to handle timestamp discrepancies caused by DST transitions. Character casing options allow tools to perform case-insensitive comparisons, useful when comparing files from case-sensitive and case-insensitive file systems or when case differences are not semantically significant.

Time zone effects

When files are transferred across time zones and between Microsoft FAT and NTFS file systems, the timestamp displayed by the same file may change, so that identical files with different storage histories are deemed different by a comparer that requires the timestamps to match. The difference is an exact number of quarters of an hour up to 95 (same minutes modulo 15 and seconds) if the file was transported across zones; there is also a one-hour difference within a single zone caused by the transition between standard time and daylight saving time (DST). Some, but not all, file comparison and synchronisation software can be configured to ignore the DST and time-zone differences. [d] Software known to have daylight-saving compensation is marked in the Aspects table.

See also

Notes

  1. Ediff requires a diff utility to function. As of December 2017, diff is not bundled with Emacs or Windows, so use of Ediff in a Windows environment requires installation of both Emacs and a diff implementation like GNU diff.
  2. 1 2 Compare logical sections (class, methods).
  3. UTF8, UTF16, MBCS, SJIS, over 150 file encoding and character set formats.
  4. Example: "Beyond Compare" help describes a user setting "timezone differences – ignores timestamp differences that are multiples of an exact hour."

References

  1. Scooter Software
  2. "Coode Software". Archived from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  3. Michael Kifer
  4. PrestoSoft
  5. Microsoft
  6. NeXT Product Marketing (Fall 1993). "What's New in Release 3.2?". NEXTSTEP in Focus. 3 (4). NeXT Computer, Inc. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  7. Guiffy Software
  8. JetBrains
  9. jedit.org
  10. Stephen Kennedy
  11. Pretty Diff
  12. RCompare
  13. tkdiff
  14. Christian Ghisler
  15. Bare Bones Software, Inc.
  16. vim license
  17. Microsoft
  18. Dean Grimm
  19. "Release v2.16.42.1 · WinMerge/Winmerge". GitHub .
  20. "KDE SDK Project Page". KDE Invent: KDE SDK. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  21. "KDiff3". KDE Applications. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  22. "The KDiff3 Handbook". docs.kde.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  23. "KDE KDiff3" . Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  24. Compare++ Operating system information
  25. "Far2l". GitHub . 26 July 2022.
  26. Meld/Windows
  27. Notepad++ compare plugin
  28. 1 2 WinMerge in Wine
  29. "KDE SDK Project Page". KDE Invent: KDE SDK. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  30. "KDiff3". KDE Applications. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  31. "The KDiff3 Handbook". docs.kde.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  32. "KDevelop / KDevelop · GitLab (full KDevelop project)". GitLab. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  33. "Using KDiff3 as a Git Diff and Merging Tool". docs.kde.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  34. "FreeBSD/Setup/Ports - KDE Community Wiki". community.kde.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  35. "pkgsrc.se | The NetBSD package collection". pkgsrc.se. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  36. Examdiff
  37. Examdiff
  38. 1 2 Visual Compare
  39. "Git/Contrib/Diff-highlight at master · git/Git". GitHub .
  40. gnu.org Support-for-Version-Control
  41. through a plug-in
  42. through a plug-in
  43. Notepad++ FTP plugin
  44. "tortoisehg / stable / wiki / FAQ —". Bitbucket.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-15. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  45. "Using WinMerge with other tools – WinMerge 2.12 Manual". Winmerge.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  46. "About". WinMerge. Archived from the original on 2010-07-03. Retrieved 2010-07-06.