Constitutional Court of Benin

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The Constitutional Court is the highest authority in Benin on matters of constitutionality. Composed of seven justices, it is the body that regulates the functioning of government institutions and the activities of public figures. The court was founded in 1993. Its domicile is in Cotonou.

Contents

History

As part of Benin's transition to democracy in 1990 a conference was held to draft a new Constitution which provided limitations and separation of government powers and which created institutions that worked with one another to guarantee protection of fundamental freedoms and public freedoms.

The Constitutional Court was one of these institutions. It was founded out of a desire to have a political regime free of dictatorship and unjust, arbitrary decision-making. Instead, the goal was to have a democratic, pluralist government in which human rights, public freedom, human dignity and justice are guaranteed, protected and promoted. Installed on June 7, 1993, the court is seen[ by whom? ] as the protector of the Constitution and respecter of the laws of the Republic.

The court mainly judges the constitutionality of laws, serves as the guarantor of fundamental rights and public liberties, and serves as the regulatory organ for the proper functioning of institutions, the legality of elections and referendums, and serve as a judge in election disputes between members of the National Assembly.

Composition

The Court is composed of seven justices, four of which are nominated by the National Assembly and three by the President of the Republic. Justices serve a five-year term that can be renewed one time. Of those Justices, the court is made up of the following:

  1. Three Magistrates with at least fifteen years experience. Two nominated by the National Assembly and one by the President.
  2. Two high-level jurists, professors or law practitioners with at least fifteen years experience. One nominated by the National Assembly and one by the President,
  3. Two professionals with good reputations. One each nominated from the National Assembly and the President.

The President of the court is elected among the sitting magistrate and jurist members of the court.

Members of the Constitutional Court are ineligible to be Ministers of the Republic, run for elective office, or other public, civil, military or professional work.

Composition of the Constitutional Court (6th Mandate beginning in June 2018)
NumberNameTitleQualityNominating Institution
1 Joseph Djogbenou PresidentJurist of high level or practitioner of the lawNational Assembly
2Razacki Amouda IssifouVice-presidentJurist of high level or practitioner of the lawNational Assembly
3Cécile Marie José de Dravo ZinzindohouéCouncilorMagistratePresident
4Moustapha FassassiCouncilorMagistrateNational Assembly
5Sylvain Messan NouwatinCouncilorMagistratePresident
6André KataryCouncilorPersonalityNational Assembly
7Rigobert Adoumènou AzonCouncilorPersonalityPresident

Current members of the court were sworn in on 6 June 2018 in Sèmè City in front of the National Assembly, the President, members of the government and institutions, foreign delegations and families of the court members. [1]

The court was previously composed of professor Théodore Holo and six other members. Marcelline Gbêha-Afouda served as the vice-president.

List of presidents of the Constitutional Court

Since its creation in 1993, the court has had five presidents (of which two were women): Élisabeth Pognon from 1993 to 1998 and Conceptia Ouinsou from 1998 to 2008. [2] [3]

TermPresidents
Since 2023 Dorothée Sossa [4]
2018-2022 Joseph Djogbenou
2013-2018 Théodore Holo [2]
2008-2013 Robert Dossou
2003-2008Conceptia Ouinsou
1998-2003Conceptia Ouinsou
1993-1998 Élisabeth Pognon

Referral procedure

In cases of constitutionality

Decisions

Controversy on the right to strike

Since the creation of the court, its decisions on the right of Beninese workers to strike have been controversial. This is due to differing interpretations of Article 31 of the Constitution:

The State recognizes and guarantees the right to strike. Any worker may defend, under the conditions provided for by law, his rights and interests either individually, collectively or through trade union action. The right to strike is exercised under the conditions defined by law.

According to a decision by then Chief Justice Conceptia Ouinsou, any law that forbids strikes is unconstitutional. [5] The court under Chief Justice Théodore Holo ruled similarly in a January 2018 decision. However, the court under Robert Dossou and Joseph Djogbenou have rendered decisions in favor of forbidding strikes from certain categories of workers.[ citation needed ]

Dangnivo Affair

The court was also referred a case by defendants in the Dangnivo Affair, following a long pre-trial detention. The court determined on January 23, 2020, that the length of pretrial detention without a lower court ruling of guilt constituted a violation of the defendants rights to a speedy trial.,. [6] [7]

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References

  1. "Prestation de serment des nouveaux membres de la Cour Constitutionnelle, 6e mandature". presidence.bj (in French). Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 Tinoa. "Le grand miracle de la Cour Holo - 24 Heures au Bénin". 24haubenin.info (in French). Retrieved 2018-11-03.
  3. Atanasso, Marie-Odile (December 2012). Femmes et pouvoir politique au Bénin des origines dahoméennes à nos jours (PDF) (in French). ISBN   978-99919-1-411-4 . Retrieved 3 November 2018 via library.fes.de.
  4. RFI. "Afrique Bénin: Dorothé Sossa élu président de la nouvelle Cour constitutionnelle". RFI (in French). Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  5. "Décision DCC 06-034" (PDF). Cour constitutionnelle (in French). 4 April 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2022..
  6. Arnaud Gaffan (23 January 2020). "Affaire Dangnivo: la réponse de la Cour à la requête de Alofa". leportail.info. Retrieved 10 May 2021..
  7. Jacob Anani (23 January 2020). "Affaire Dangnivo: Nouvelle décision de la cour constitutionnelle du Bénin". La Nouvelle Tribune. Retrieved 10 May 2021..

    Bibliography