| Sibilla Cumana (Cumaean Sibyl) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Artist | Domenicho Zampieri (Domenichino) |
| Year | 1622 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 138 cm× 103 cm(54 in× 41 in) |
| Location | Sala Petronilla, Musei Capitolini, Rome |
The Sibilla Cumana (Cumaean Sibyl) is a painting by the Italian Baroque painter Domenicho Zampieri (Domenichino) housed in the Capitoline Museum in Rome, Italy.
The painting appears to be one of four paintings of nearly the same subject by Domenichino, including also works at the Galleria Borghese, a Persian Sibyl at the Wallace Collection in London, a painting in a private Scottish collection and one in a private Bermuda collection.
The theme of the Cumaean Sibyl was used by the Bolognese Domenichino likely four times and was a common trope favored by learned patrons in Rome. Patrons could obtain a topic both derived from classical literature and yet voicing an apparent prophesy of the birth of Christ. She is featured Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel frescoes and Raphael's frescoes in Santa Maria della Pace. These painters depicted the Sibyl as an older woman; tradition holds that she had a God give her a long life, but was not given extended youth.
The writing by the Sibyl in Greek on the scroll reads, "There is one God infinite and unborn"; the word unborn is spelled incorrectly. The painting is mentioned in the inventory from 1641, and the list of 1697, assigns the work to Domenichino. The work has undergone a number of restorations. [1]
Annibale Carracci was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the Baroque style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.
The sibyls were prophetesses or oracles in Ancient Greece. The sibyls prophesied at holy sites. A sibyl at Delphi has been dated to as early as the eleventh century BC by Pausanias when he described local traditions in his writings from the second century AD. At first, there appears to have been only a single sibyl. By the fourth century BC, there appear to have been at least three more, Phrygian, Erythraean, and Hellespontine. By the first century BC, there were at least ten sibyls, located in Greece, Italy, the Levant, and Asia Minor.
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Domenico Zampieri, known by the diminutive Domenichino after his shortness, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School of painters.
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The Cumaean Sibyl was the priestess presiding over the Apollonian oracle at Cumae, a Greek colony near Naples, Italy. The word sibyl comes from the ancient Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess. There were many sibyls throughout the ancient world. Because of the importance of the Cumaean Sibyl in the legends of early Rome as codified in Virgil's Aeneid VI, and because of her proximity to Rome, the Cumaean Sibyl became the most famous among the Romans. The Erythraean Sibyl from modern-day Turkey was famed among Greeks, as was the oldest Hellenic oracle, the Sibyl of Dodona, dating to the second millennium BC according to Herodotus, favored in the east.
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Giovanni Battista Agucchi was an Italian churchman, Papal diplomat and writer on art theory. He was the nephew and brother of cardinals, and might have been one himself if he had lived longer. He served as secretary to the Papal Secretary of State, then the Pope himself, on whose death Agucchi was made a titular bishop and appointed as nuncio to Venice. He was an important figure in Roman art circles when he was in the city, promoting fellow-Bolognese artists, and was close to Domenichino in particular. As an art theorist he was rediscovered in the 20th century as having first expressed many of the views better known from the writings of Gian Pietro Bellori a generation later. He was also an amateur astronomer who corresponded with Galileo.
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