The government of Czechoslovakia under socialism was in theory a democratic one directed by the proletariat. In practice, it was a one-party democratic dictatorship of the proletariat run by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the KSC.
Elections in Benin take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. Both the President and the National Assembly are directly elected by voters, with elections organised by the Autonomous National Electoral Commission (CENA).
Elections in Niger take place within the framework of a semi-presidential system. The President and National Assembly are elected by the public, with elections organised by the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI).
Elections in Rwanda take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President and majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected, whilst the Senate is indirectly elected and partly appointed.
The Federal Assembly was the federal parliament of Czechoslovakia from January 1, 1969 to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on December 31, 1992. It was Czechoslovakia's highest legislative institution.
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 May 1946. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia emerged as the largest party, winning 114 of the 300 seats with 38% of the vote. This was the best performance for a Czechoslovak party up to that time; previously no Czechoslovak party had ever won more than 25 percent of the vote. Voter turnout was 93.9%. As it turned out, this was one of only two even partially free elections held in what would become the Eastern bloc, the other having been held in Hungary a year earlier. It would be the last free election held in Czechoslovakia until 1990.
The Great National Assembly was the legislature of the Socialist Republic of Romania. After the overthrow of Communism in Romania in December 1989, the National Assembly was dissolved by decree of the National Salvation Front and eventually replaced by the bicameral parliament, made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 October 1946. The elections served to elect members to the 6th Grand National Assembly, tasked with adopting a new constitution. The Fatherland Front, an anti-fascist coalition dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, had come to power in 1944 following a coup. Now that the Second World War was over and the monarchy abolished the communists wanted to adopt a new constitution. The Communists won a large majority, with 53.5 percent of the vote and 278 of the 465 seats. Voter turnout was 92.6%. This would be the lowest vote share that the Communists or the Fatherland Front would claim during the 43 years of undisguised Communist rule in Bulgaria. In subsequent years, the Fatherland Front would claim to win elections with unanimous or near-unanimous support.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali in 1964. Voters were presented with a single list from the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US-RDA), which had been the sole legal party since shortly after independence in 1960. As a result, it won all 80 seats in the National Assembly. According to official results, 99 percent of those who voted approved the US-RDA list. Voter turnout was 88.9%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 June 1971, the first held under the new Zhivkov Constitution, which had been approved in a referendum held a month earlier. The Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, was the only organisation to contest the election; all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front. The Front nominated one candidate for each constituency. Of the 400 candidates 268 were members of the Communist Party, 100 were members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the remaining 32 were unaffiliated. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.9%.
Federal elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 8 and 9 June 1990, alongside elections for the Czech and Slovak Assemblies. They were the first elections held in the country since the end of Communist rule seven months earlier, and the first free elections since 1946.
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 and 27 November 1971. They were the first held after the Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation converted Czechoslovakia into a federal state, comprising the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic.
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 5 and 6 June 1981. The National Front put forward a single list of candidates for both the House of the People and the House of Nations and one NF candidate ran in each single member constituency. With a total of 350 seats in the two Houses, 240 were assigned to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, 18 to the Czechoslovak People's Party, 18 to the Czechoslovak Socialist Party, four to the Party of Slovak Revival, four to the Freedom Party and 66 to independents. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.51%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 23 and 24 May 1986. The National Front put forward a single list of candidates for both the House of the People and the House of Nations and one NF candidate ran in each single member constituency. With a total of 350 seats in the two Houses, 242 were assigned to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, 18 to the Czechoslovak People's Party, 18 to the Czechoslovak Socialist Party, four to the Party of Slovak Revival, four to the Freedom Party and 64 to independents. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.39%.
Elections for the Third German People's Congress were held in East Germany on 15 and 16 May 1949. Voters were presented with a "Unity List" from the "Bloc of the Anti-Fascist Democratic Parties," which in turn was dominated by the Communist Socialist Unity Party. They only had the option of approving or rejecting the list. In much of the country, the vote was not secret.
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 30 November 1952. They were the second held under undisguised Communist rule, and the first under a constitution adopted that September. Voters were presented with a single slate of candidates from the People's Democratic Front, which was dominated by the Romanian Workers Party. The Front won all 428 seats in the Great National Assembly. This election set the tone for all elections held in Romania until 1989. For the remainder of the Communist era, voters only had the choice of approving or rejecting a Communist-dominated list.
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 30 May 1948. They were the first elections held under undisguised Communist rule; the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia had seized complete power three months earlier.
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 28 November 1954. Voters were presented with a single list from the National Front, dominated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ).
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 14 June 1964. They were the first held after a new constitution was adopted in July 1960.
