List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia

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Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
Coat of arms of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.svg
Appointer The President
Formation14 November 1918
First holder Karel Kramář
Final holder Jan Stráský
Abolished31 December 1992
Succession Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Václav Klaus
Flag of Slovakia.svg Vladimír Mečiar

The Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia was the head of government of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic in 1992.

The head of government is either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. "Head of government" is often differentiated from "head of state", as they may be separate positions, individuals, or roles depending on the country.

Czechoslovakia 1918–1992 country in Central Europe, predecessor of the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia, was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against Hungarisation and their Hungarian rulers.

Contents

In periods when the post of the President of Czechoslovakia was vacant, some presidential duties were carried out by the Prime Minister. However, the Czechoslovak Constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.

As of 2019, there are three living former Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia: Lubomír Štrougal, Marián Čalfa and Jan Stráský.

Lubomír Štrougal Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia

Dr. Lubomír Štrougal is a former Czech politician and communist Czechoslovakia prime minister.

Marián Čalfa is the former Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia during and after the Velvet Revolution, as well as de facto acting President for 19 days, and was a key facilitator of the smooth transfer of power from Communist rule to a new democratic representation.

Jan Stráský Prime minister of Czechoslovakia

Jan Stráský is a Czech politician, who served as the last Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia in 1992.

Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)

Czechoslovak National Democracy political party in Czechoslovakia

The Czechoslovak National Democracy, called also Czechoslovak National Democratic Party, was a First Republic right-wing political party in Czechoslovakia.

Czech Social Democratic Party Czech political party

The Czech Social Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. It holds 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies following the 2017 legislative election in which the party lost 35 seats. The party has been led by Jan Hamáček since 2018. It has been a junior coalition party within a minority cabinet since June 2018, and was a senior coalition party from 1998 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017.

Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants

The Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants was a centre-right agrarian party of Czechoslovakia, seen as representing big business and agriculture. In the period up to 1935 it was the biggest and most influential political party in the country. Led by Antonín Švehla and Milan Hodža, the party influenced Czechoslovak politics between World War I and World War II. It participated in the Pětka coalition governments, and it was a member of the International Agrarian Bureau.

No.PortraitNameLifespanEthnicityTook officeLeft officePolitical affiliation(s)
(1918–1938)
1 Karel Kramar.jpg Karel Kramář 1860–1937 Czech 14 November 19188 July 1919 ČSND
2 Vlastimil Tusar.jpg Vlastimil Tusar 1880–1924 Czech 8 July 191915 September 1920 ČSSD
3 Jan Cerny.jpg Jan Černý 1874–1959 Czech 15 September 192026 September 1921 Independent
4 Edvard Benes.jpg Edvard Beneš 1884–1948 Czech 26 September 19217 October 1922 Independent
5 Svehla antonin.jpg Antonín Švehla 1873–1933 Czech 7 October 192218 March 1926 RSZML / Pětka
6 Jan Cerny.jpg Jan Černý 1874–1959 Czech 18 March 192612 October 1926 Independent
7 Svehla antonin.jpg Antonín Švehla 1873–1933 Czech 12 October 19261 February 1929 RSZML / Pětka
8 Frantisek Udrzal.jpg František Udržal 1866–1938 Czech 1 February 192924 October 1932 RSZML
9 Jan Malypetr.jpg Jan Malypetr 1873–1947 Czech 24 October 19325 November 1935 RSZML
10 Milan Hodza.jpg Milan Hodža 1878–1944 Slovak 5 November 193522 September 1938 RSZML
(1938–1939)
11 JAN SYROVY.jpg Jan Syrový 1888–1970 Czech 22 September 19381 December 1938 Independent
12 R. Beran.JPG Rudolf Beran 1887–1954 Czech 1 December 193815 March 1939 RSZML / SNJ
13(1939–1945)
Greater arms of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945).svg Alois Eliáš became Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , a de iure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany. [1] [2]
Coat of Arms of the First Slovak Republic.svg Vojtech Tuka became Prime Minister of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic .
Karptska Ukraina COA.svg Julian Révaý became Prime Minister of the Carpatho-Ukraine few days before occupation by the Kingdom of Hungary.
(1940–1945)
14 Jan Sramek.jpg Jan Šrámek 1870–1956 Czech 21 July 19405 April 1945 ČSL
(1945–1948)
15 Zdenek Fierlinger 1932.jpg Zdeněk Fierlinger 1891–1976 Czech 5 April 19452 July 1946 ČSSD
16 Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R90009, Budapest, II. Weltfestspiele, Festumzug, tschechische Delegation (cropped KG).jpg Klement Gottwald 1896–1953 Czech 2 July 194615 June 1948 KSČ
(1948–1989)
Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1989)
17 Antonin Zapotocky.JPG Antonín Zápotocký 1884–1957 Czech 15 June 194814 March 1953 KSČ
18 Viliam Siroky.jpg Viliam Široký 1902–1971 Slovak 14 March 195320 September 1963 KSČ
19 Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1961-1989).svg Jozef Lenárt 1923–2004 Slovak 20 September 19638 April 1968 KSČ
20 (Zari68)Oldrich Cernik.jpg Oldřich Černík 1921–1994 Czech 8 April 196828 January 1970 KSČ
21 Lubomir Strougal - P1059081.jpg Lubomír Štrougal born 1924 Czech 28 January 197012 October 1988 KSČ
22 Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1961-1989).svg Ladislav Adamec 1926–2007 Czech 12 October 19887 December 1989 KSČ
(1989–1992)
Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
23 Coat of arms of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.svg Marián Čalfa born 1946 Slovak 7 December 19892 July 1992 KSČ / VPN / ODÚ
23 Strasky.jpg Jan Stráský born 1940 Czech 2 July 199231 December 1992 ODS

Czech and Slovak Federative Republic(1990–1992)Edit

6 March 1990 – 31 December 1992: called "Czech Republic" within Czechoslovakia.

Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic

Parties
 OF
No.PortraitName

(Birth–Death)

Term of OfficePolitical PartyCabinet National Council
Took OfficeLeft OfficeDays
24 Petr Pithart (born 1941)6 February 199029 June 1990877 Civic Forum(OF)

OF later replaced by OH

I KSČ – ČSL – OF 5 (1986)
29 June 19902 July 1992 II OF – HSD-SMS – KDU

OF later replaced by OH and ODS

6 (1990)

Czech Republic(1993–present)Edit

From 1 January 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined split of the federal state of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. These entities had arisen before as the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1969 within the framework of a federal republic.

Parties
 ODS (Liberal-conservative)
 ČSSD (Social democratic)
 ANO (Centrist)
 Independent
No.PortraitName

(Birth–Death)

Term of OfficePolitical PartyCabinet Chamber of Deputies
Took OfficeLeft OfficeDays
25 Václav Klaus (born 1941)2 July 19924 July 19962,010 Civic Democratic Party(ODS) I ODS – KDU-ČSL – ODA – KDS 1 (1992)
4 July 19962 January 1998 II ODS – KDU-ČSL – ODA 2 (1996)
26 Josef Tošovský (born 1950)17 December 199722 July 1998201 Independent • ODS – KDU-ČSL – ODA

ODS later replaced by US

2 ( ···· )
27 Miloš Zeman (born 1944)17 July 199815 July 20021,454 Czech Social Democratic Party(ČSSD) • ČSSD 3 (1998)
28 Vladimír Špidla (born 1951)12 July 20024 August 2004751 Czech Social Democratic Party(ČSSD) • ČSSD – KDU-ČSL – US–DEU 4 (2002)
29 Stanislav Gross (1969–2015)26 July 200425 April 2005264 Czech Social Democratic Party(ČSSD) • ČSSD – KDU-ČSL – US–DEU 4 ( ···· )
30 Jiří Paroubek (born 1952)25 April 20054 September 2006497 Czech Social Democratic Party(ČSSD) • ČSSD – KDU-ČSL – US–DEU 4 ( ···· )
31 Mirek Topolánek (born 1956)16 August 20069 January 2007977 Civic Democratic Party(ODS) I ODS 5 (2006)
8 November 20068 May 2009 II ODS – KDU-ČSL – SZ 5 ( ···· )
32 Jan Fischer (born 1951)9 April 200913 July 2010431 Independent • No party 5 ( ···· )
33 Petr Nečas (born 1964)28 June 201010 July 20131,093 Civic Democratic Party(ODS) • ODS – TOP 09– VV

VV later replaced by LIDEM

6 (2010)
34 Jiří Rusnok (born 1960)25 June 201329 January 2014203 Independent • ČSSD– KDU-ČSL

ČSSD exited cabinet

 6 ( ···· )
35 Bohuslav Sobotka (born 1971)17 January 201413 December 20171,426 Czech Social Democratic Party(ČSSD) • ČSSD – ANO 2011 – KDU-ČSL 7 (2013)
36 Andrej Babiš (born 1954)6 December 201727 June 2018480 ANO 2011 I ANO 2011 8 (2017)
27 June 2018Incumbent

Timeline

Jan StráskýMarián ČalfaLadislav AdamecLubomír ŠtrougalOldřich ČerníkJozef LenártViliam ŠirokýAntonín ZápotockýKlement GottwaldZdeněk FierlingerRudolf BeranJan SyrovýMilan HodžaJan MalypetrFrantišek UdržalAntonín ŠvehlaJan ČernýAntonín ŠvehlaEdvard BenešJan ČernýVlastimil TusarKarel KramářList of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia

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References

  1. ↑ Rare 1943 Third Reich facts booklet
  2. ↑ Heavily illustrated rare big original 1943 Nazi book on Eastern Europe and Asia Archived 2009-04-10 at the Wayback Machine

See also

Czechoslovakia
Coat of arms of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.svg
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