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A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic region of the size of a metropolitan area. The term MAN is applied to the interconnection of local area networks (LANs) in a city into a single larger network which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network. The term is also used to describe the interconnection of several LANs in a metropolitan area through the use of point-to-point connections between them.
In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the "down-stream" users of each network. Peering is settlement-free, also known as "bill-and-keep" or "sender keeps all", meaning that neither party pays the other in association with the exchange of traffic; instead, each derives and retains revenue from its own customers.
The London Internet Exchange ("LINX") is a mutually governed Internet exchange point (IXP) that provides peering services and public policy representation to network operators. It was founded in 1994 in London. LINX operates IXPs in London, Manchester, Scotland and Wales in the United Kingdom and Northern Virginia in the United States.
Internet exchange points are common grounds of IP networking, allowing participant Internet service providers (ISPs) to exchange data destined for their respective networks. IXPs are generally located at places with preexisting connections to multiple distinct networks, i.e., datacenters, and operate physical infrastructure (switches) to connect their participants. Organizationally, most IXPs are each independent not-for-profit associations of their constituent participating networks. The primary alternative to IXPs is private peering, where ISPs directly connect their networks to each other.
Switch and Data Facilities Company, Inc. was a U.S. public corporation that provided network-neutral data centers and Internet exchange services to network-centric businesses. Switch and Data was acquired by Equinix in 2010.
Cogent Communications is a multinational internet service provider based in the United States. Cogent's primary services consist of Internet access and data transport, offered on a fiber optic, IP data-only network, along with colocation in data centers. Although Cogent is not a Tier 1 ISP by definition, due to lack of complete IPv6 connectivity, the company still advertises itself a Tier 1 ISP. There has been debate among networking professionals as to whether or not this amounts to false advertising.
DE-CIX is an operator of carrier- and data-center-neutral Internet Exchanges, with operations in Europe, North America, Africa, the Middle East, India and Southeast Asia. All DE-CIX activities and companies are brought together under the umbrella of the DE-CIX Group AG.
Telehouse America is a data center / colocation services provider in the United States with carrier-neutral facilities in New York City, Newark and Los Angeles, as well as international Internet exchanges, managed IT services and disaster recovery solutions. In 1996, Telehouse America launched the New York International Internet Exchange point (NYIIX), Manhattan's largest and most heavily trafficked peering exchange, as well as established the first Los Angeles International Internet Exchange point (LAIIX), a peering gateway to the Asia-Pac Rim.
Neterra is a Bulgarian company, a global provider of telecommunications services, carrier of the prize for the Best Central & Eastern European Carrier at the Global Carrier Awards 2023. The company works both with world’s largest global companies and with small and medium-sized businesses. Neterra offers more than 200 points of presence worldwide, a backbone network and user points in more than 65 countries on 6 continents, 4 own independent data centers, services in more than 180 countries and a full spectrum of telecommunication services for almost 30 years.
Interxion is a European provider of carrier and cloud-neutral colocation data centre services. Founded in 1998 in the Netherlands, the firm was publicly listed on the New York Stock Exchange from 28 January 2011 until its acquisition by Digital Realty in March 2020. Interxion is headquartered in Schiphol-Rijk, the Netherlands, and delivers its services through 53 data centres in 11 European countries located in major metropolitan areas, including Dublin, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Amsterdam, and Madrid, the 6 main data centre markets in Europe, as well as Marseille, Interxion’s Internet Gateway.
UAE-IX is a carrier- and data center-neutral internet exchange point (IXP) situated in Dubai (UAE). It interconnects global networks, network operators and content providers in the GCC region. Founded in 2012, UAE-IX is built on a fully redundant switching platform located in two data centers in Dubai, Datamena and Equinix. Initiated by the UAE’s Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (TRA) and fully managed by DE-CIX, UAE-IX delivers a local alternative for regional traffic exchange, localizing Internet content.
Korea Internet Neutral Exchange, the only carrier-neutral Internet exchange (IX) in South Korea, is a B2B company that specializes in Internet infrastructure. KINX provides Internet data center (IDC), content delivery network (CDN), and cloud computing services to customers. The headquarters is in Seoul, South Korea. As of March 2020, KINX has 126 employees.
The Luxembourg Internet eXchange is a carrier and neutral internet exchange point (IX) located in Luxembourg.
DE-CIX Palermo, is a carrier and data center-neutral internet exchange point in Palermo, Italy, founded in 2015 by DE-CIX.
DE-CIX Marseille, is a carrier and data center-neutral internet exchange point in Marseille, France, founded in 2015 by DE-CIX.
Mumbai Internet Exchange is a Mumbai-based Internet exchange point (IXP) founded on 15 August 2014 as Mumbai Convergence Hub is an Open Carrier Neutral Internet Exchange & Peering Hub. As of 30 March 2021 it interconnects more than 375 members, making it the largest IXP in India and surrounding region.
DE-CIX Istanbul, is a carrier and data center-neutral Internet exchange point in Istanbul, Turkey, founded in 2015 by DE-CIX. It is the only Internet exchange point that connects to both Europe and Asia within the same country.
165 Halsey Street, formerly known as the Bamberger Building, is a 14-story, office tower in Downtown Newark, New Jersey. Built in 1912–1929, it was designed by Jarvis Hunt. The building spans the entire block between Halsey Street, Market Street, Washington Street, and Bank Street. 165 Halsey Street is a major colocation center in New York metropolitan area; according to Center for Land Use Interpretation, it is among the world's largest carrier hotels. It is a contributing property to the Four Corners Historic District.
References
- ↑ "DE-CIX NY Customers". DE-CIX. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ DE-CIX New York access points visited on April 28, 2015
- ↑ Capacity Magazine Analysis: Addressing the peering problem Capacity Magazine, 23 October 2013
- ↑ Gigaom on European-style Internet exchanges entering the US Gigaom, 3 December 2013
- ↑ The U.S. vs. European Internet Exchange Point Models Internet Peering Playbook/DrPeering, visited on June 25, 2014
- ↑ DE-CIX Initiates Game-Changing Carrier-Neutral Internet Exchange in New York telecomramblings.com, 18 September 2013
- ↑ DE-CIX New York turns up Akamai as first IX customer telecompaper.com, 12 May 2014