Dansk Fredsforening or the Danish Peace Society was founded by Fredrik Bajer in 1882 when it was initially called Foreningen til Danmarks Neutralisering (Society for Denmark's Neutralization). [1] It called for an international arbitration tribunal to resolve conflicts as a means of avoiding war. As a result of the Conservative's support for defence, it appealed to many Liberals who had campaigned against warfare. The Society underwent significant growth in the 1890s, leading to two petitions with a total of 533,000 signatures and a series of peace demonstrations. [2]
The organization was based on three priorities: Denmark should be neutral; arbitration treaties should be concluded with like-minded nations; and, in accordance with the principle of self-determination, a peaceful solution should be found for the Schleswig question. The organization attracted wide interest. By around 1900, the organization had some 10,000 members. [3] By 1905, it had 73 branches. [4]
After Denmark joined the League of Nations, the name was changed to Dansk Freds- og Folkeforbundsforening (Danish Peace and League of Nations Society) and when the country joined the United Nations, the name became Dansk FN-Forening (Danish UNO Society). [5]
There were several active women members of the organization, including Matilde Bajer, Henriette Beenfeldt, Henni Forchhammer, Eline Hansen, Johanne Meyer and Louise Nørlund. [5]
Fredrik Bajer was a Danish writer, teacher, and pacifist politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908 together with Klas Pontus Arnoldson.
Klemen Andersen "Skipper Clement" was a Danish merchant, captain, privateer and leader of the peasant rebellion that was part of the civil war known as the Count's Feud.
The Danish Scout Council is the national Scouting federation of Denmark. Scouting was founded in Denmark in 1909 and among the charter members of WOSM in 1920. Denmark has 70,000 Scouts.
Marie Sørine Louise Nørlund (1854–1919) was a Danish feminist and pacifist. She was the founder and chairman of the Danske Kvindeforeningers Valgretsforbund or DKV in 1898–1907 and 1908–1909.
Line Luplau (1823-1891) was a Danish feminist and suffragist. She was the co-founder of the Danske Kvindeforeningers Valgretsforbund or DKV and first chairperson in 1889-1891.
The Danish Women's Society or DWS is Denmark's oldest women's rights organisation. It was founded in 1871 by Matilde Bajer and her husband Fredrik Bajer, a Member of Parliament and the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. It publishes the world's oldest women's magazine, Kvinden & Samfundet, established in 1885. The Danish Women's Society is a member of the International Alliance of Women.
The modern-day character and the historical status of women in Denmark has been influenced by their own involvement in women's movements and political participation in the history of Denmark. Their mark can be seen in the fields of politics, women's suffrage, and literature, among others.
Priscilla Hannah Peckover was an English Quaker, pacifist and linguist from a prosperous banking family. After helping to raise the three daughters of her widowed brother, in her forties she became involved in the pacifist movement. She founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association, which grew to have 6,000 members. She was active at a national level with the Peace Society and worked with pacifist groups in several other countries. She funded and edited the journal Peace and Goodwill: a Sequel to the Olive Leaf for almost fifty years, and funded publication of an Esperanto version of the Bible. She was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize on four occasions.
Pauline Matilde Theodora Bajer was a Danish women's rights activist and pacifist.
Ant(h)on Frederik Tscherning was a Danish army officer who became a politician.
The Chief of the Army Command is the service chief of the Royal Danish Army. The current acting chief is Brigadier general Gunner Arpe Nielsen.
The Chief of the Air Command, is the top most authority in the Royal Danish Air Force. It can trace its history back to the creation of the Chief for the Naval Air Service, in 1913. The current chief of the Air Force is Major general A. Rex.
Danske Kvinders Fredskæde is the original name of the Danish branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. It was founded in 1915 following the International Congress of Women held in The Hague. The organization was aimed at developing national branches of women calling for more active support for peace once the First World War was over. Early activists from Denmark included Thora Daugaard (1874–1851) and Clara Tybjerg (1864–1941).
Benny Sophie Caroline Andrea Cederfeld de Simonsen née Treschow (1865–1952) was a Danish peace activist. She is remembered as an effective member of Danske Kvinders Fredskæde, the Danish branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), later known as Kvindernes Internationale Liga for Fred og Frihed (KILFF). From 1931 to 1939, she was the organization's vice-president. She was an active participant at the international WILPF conferences from 1926 to 1937 as well as a member of their international committee where she dealt with the rights of minorities.
Eva Elisabeth Moltesen née Hällström (1871–1934) was a Finnish-Danish writer and peace activist. In 1896, she moved to Denmark to continue her education, married a Dane and settled there. She published her literary works in both Finnish and Danish, introduced Danes to her native Finland through a series of lectures and established a Finnish Society in Copenhagen. She also created Finnish-Danish and Danish-Finnish dictionaries. In 1915, Moltensen was one of the founding members of Danske Kvinders Fredskæde, the Danish chapter of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. In 1918, representing Venstre, she was a candidate in the national elections but was not elected.
Estrid Hein was a Danish ophthalmologist, women's rights activist and pacifist. She practised in Copenhagen from 1898, opening her own clinic in 1906. She was also a prominent figure in the women's movement, chairing the Copenhagen chapter of the Danish Women's Society from 1909, later serving on the society's central board. In 1915, she became an active member of Danske Kvinders Fredskæde (DKF), the Danish arm of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The same year she joined the Scandinavian Family Law Commission where she was effective in furthering progress on women rights as spouses. From 1933 she participated on the executive board of Denmark's Women's Council.
Henriette Dorthea Beenfeldt née Hansen (1878–1949) was a Danish peace activist and feminist who became one of the principal members of the Dansk Fredsforening (DF). After experiencing difficulties with board members of DF, she became an enthusiastic member of Kvindernes Internationale Liga for Fred og Frihed (KILFF), the Danish chapter of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, serving on the board of the Copenhagen branch. She continued to act as a radical pacifist, strongly opposing re-armament, even after Denmark joined NATO in 1949.
Johanne Marie Abrahammine Meyer née Petersen (1838–1915) was a Danish suffragist, pacifist and journal editor. A pioneering member of various women's societies, from 1889 she served on the board of the pacifist organization Dansk Fredsforening and became the influential president of the progressive suffragist organization Kvindelig Fremskridtsforening (KF). From 1888, Meyer was editor of KF's journal Hvad vi vil, to which she contributed many articles.
The Kvindelig Fremskridtsforening (KF), or Women's Progress Association, was a Danish women's association which was founded in 1885 by Matilde Bajer and Elisabeth Ouchterlony. They had both been co-founders of the Danish Women's Society in 1871 but now wanted an organization which included specific attention to women's suffrage in municipal and national elections, an issue which was not on the agenda of the apolitical Women's Society. The organization also addressed women's involvement as peace activists and as members of the workforce.