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The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments. By the eighteenth century, Scotland had a network of parish schools in the Scottish Lowlands and five universities. The Enlightenment culture was based on close readings of new books, and intense discussions which took place daily at such intellectual gathering places in Edinburgh as The Select Society and, later, The Poker Club, as well as within Scotland's ancient universities.
The Story of Civilization (1935–1975), by husband and wife Will and Ariel Durant, is an 11-volume set of books covering both Eastern and Western civilizations for the general reader, with a particular emphasis on European (Western) history.
The Counter-Enlightenment refers to a loose collection of intellectual stances that arose during the European Enlightenment in opposition to its mainstream attitudes and ideals. The Counter-Enlightenment is generally seen to have continued from the 18th century into the early 19th century, especially with the rise of Romanticism. Its thinkers did not necessarily agree to a set of counter-doctrines but instead each challenged specific elements of Enlightenment thinking, such as the belief in progress, the rationality of all humans, liberal democracy, and the increasing secularisation of society.
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Robert J. McMahon is an American historian of the foreign relations of the United States and a scholar of the Cold War. He currently holds the chair of Ralph D. Mershon Distinguished Professor at Ohio State University.
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Arthur McCandless Wilson was a professor of biography and government. He is known primarily for his two-volume biography of Diderot.
Verta Ann Taylor is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, with focuses on gender, sexuality, social movements, and women's health.
Rosalind Helen Williams is an American historian of technology whose works examine the societal implications of modern technology. She is Bern Dibner Professor of the History of Science and Technology, Emerita at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity is a book about the Counter-Enlightenment, which challenged the ideas of the Enlightenment at the end of the early modern period. It was written by the American historian Darrin McMahon and published by Oxford University Press in 2001. McMahon rejects interpretations of the Counter-Enlightenment as a merely reactive force, instead presenting it as in possession of its own revolutionary ideology that needs be studied on its own merits.
References
- ↑ "Darrin McMahon". People. Dartmouth History Department. 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Reviews of Enemies of the Enlightenment: JSTOR 10.1086/380254; JSTOR 25479657; JSTOR 24452762; JSTOR 3790149; JSTOR 10.1086/532806; JSTOR 41916729; JSTOR 24427542; JSTOR 3595703; doi : 10.1016/j.orbis.2003.10.011; doi : 10.1080/03612759.2002.10526044; doi : 10.11588/fr.2005.2.62154
- ↑ Reviews of Happiness: A History: JSTOR 25096633; JSTOR 26061497; doi : 10.1017/S0360966900004199
- ↑ Reviews of Divine Fury: JSTOR 10.1086/682847; JSTOR 43696023; doi : 10.1111/hisn.12062_73
