Distance education,also known as distance learning,is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school,or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. Traditionally,this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with the school via mail. Distance education is a technology-mediated modality and has evolved with the evolution of technologies such as video conferencing,TV,and the Internet. Today,it usually involves online education and the learning is usually mediated by some form of technology. A distance learning program can either be completely a remote learning,or a combination of both online learning and traditional offline classroom instruction. Other modalities include distance learning with complementary virtual environment or teaching in virtual environment (e-learning).
A learning object is "a collection of content items,practice items,and assessment items that are combined based on a single learning objective". The term is credited to Wayne Hodgins,and dates from a working group in 1994 bearing the name. The concept encompassed by 'Learning Objects' is known by numerous other terms,including:content objects,chunks,educational objects,information objects,intelligent objects,knowledge bits,knowledge objects,learning components,media objects,reusable curriculum components,nuggets,reusable information objects,reusable learning objects,testable reusable units of cognition,training components,and units of learning.
MIT OpenCourseWare is an initiative of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to publish all of the educational materials from its undergraduate- and graduate-level courses online,freely and openly available to anyone,anywhere. The project was announced on April 4,2001,and uses Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license. The program was originally funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation,the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation,and MIT. MIT OpenCourseWare is supported by MIT,corporate underwriting,major gifts,and donations from site visitors. The initiative inspired a number of other institutions to make their course materials available as open educational resources.
Instructional design (ID),also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD),is the practice of systematically designing,developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences,both digital and physical,in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient,effective,appealing,engaging and inspiring acquisition of knowledge. The process consists broadly of determining the state and needs of the learner,defining the end goal of instruction,and creating some "intervention" to assist in the transition. The outcome of this instruction may be directly observable and scientifically measured or completely hidden and assumed. There are many instructional design models but many are based on the ADDIE model with the five phases:analysis,design,development,implementation,and evaluation.
Openness is an overarching concept or philosophy that is characterized by an emphasis on transparency and collaboration. That is,openness refers to "accessibility of knowledge,technology and other resources;the transparency of action;the permeability of organisational structures;and the inclusiveness of participation". Openness can be said to be the opposite of closedness,central authority and secrecy.
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching,learning,and research materials intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own,share,and in most cases,modify. The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use,re-mix,improve,and redistribute under some licenses. These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.
A learning management system (LMS) is a software application for the administration,documentation,tracking,reporting,automation,and delivery of educational courses,training programs,materials or learning and development programs. The learning management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning. Learning management systems make up the largest segment of the learning system market. The first introduction of the LMS was in the late 1990s. Learning management systems have faced a massive growth in usage due to the emphasis on remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This is an index of education articles.
Educational technology is the combined use of computer hardware,software,and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. When referred to with its abbreviation,"EdTech," it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. In EdTech Inc.:Selling,Automating and Globalizing Higher Education in the Digital Age,Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) argue "EdTech is no exception to industry ownership and market rules" and "define the EdTech industries as all the privately owned companies currently involved in the financing,production and distribution of commercial hardware,software,cultural goods,services and platforms for the educational market with the goal of turning a profit. Many of these companies are US-based and rapidly expanding into educational markets across North America,and increasingly growing all over the world."
Editing technology is the use of technology tools in general content areas in education in order to allow students to apply computer and technology skills to learning and problem-solving. Generally speaking,the curriculum drives the use of technology and not vice versa. Technology integration is defined as the use of technology to enhance and support the educational environment. Technology integration in the classroom can also support classroom instruction by creating opportunities for students to complete assignments on the computer rather than with normal pencil and paper. In a larger sense,technology integration can also refer to the use of an integration platform and application programming interface (API) in the management of a school,to integrate disparate SaaS applications,databases,and programs used by an educational institution so that their data can be shared in real-time across all systems on campus,thus supporting students' education by improving data quality and access for faculty and staff.
"Curriculum integration with the use of technology involves the infusion of technology as a tool to enhance the learning in a content area or multidisciplinary setting... Effective technology integration is achieved when students can select technology tools to help them obtain information on time,analyze and synthesize it,and present it professionally to an authentic audience. Technology should become an integral part of how the classroom functions—as accessible as all other classroom tools. The focus in each lesson or unit is the curriculum outcome,not the technology."
This glossary of education-related terms is based on how they commonly are used in Wikipedia articles. This article contains terms starting with T –Z. Select a letter from the table of contents to find terms on other articles.
E-learning theory describes the cognitive science principles of effective multimedia learning using electronic educational technology.
Free content,libre content,libre information,or free information is any kind of functional work,work of art,or other creative content that meets the definition of a free cultural work,meaning "works or expressions which can be freely studied,applied,copied and/or modified,by anyone,for any purpose."
The National Taichung University of Education is a university in West District,Taichung,Taiwan. Founded in 1899 at the Confucian Temple in Changhwa county,it moved to the current site in 1923.
Open.Michigan is a collection of open initiatives and projects at the University of Michigan (U-M). Open.Michigan supports the open access and use of U-M resources for teaching,learning,and research. Open.Michigan promotes open content licensing and supports the reuse,redistribution,and remixing of educational materials for use by others worldwide. Some of the key efforts underway under the Open.Michigan umbrella include U-M's Open Educational Resources publishing activities,development of software tools that support creating open content,and various open content repositories.
MERLOT is an online repository and international consortium of institutions of higher education,industry partners,professional organizations,and individuals. MERLOT partners and members are devoted to identifying,peer reviewing,organizing,and making available existing online learning resources in a range of academic disciplines for use by higher education faculty and students.
Open Course Library (OCL) is an effort by the State of Washington to identify and make available digitally,to community and technical college instructors and students across that state,free textbooks,interactive assignments,and videos. Instructional materials can be "a smorgasbord of teaching modules and exercises developed by other open-learning projects.. . Interactive-learning Web sites and even instructional videos on YouTube. . ." However,OCL is not an OER publishing project,although it did contribute to the development of some widely used resources. Goals include:lowering textbook costs for students,providing new resources for faculty to use in their courses;and fully engaging in the global OER or open educational resources discussion.
M. David Merrill is an education researcher specializing in instructional design and technology.
Andrew S. Gibbons is an American practitioner and theorist in the field of instructional design and technology. He has proposed an architectural theory of instructional design influenced by the structural principles of artifact modularization drawn from a number of design disciplines,as exemplified by the work of Carliss Baldwin and Kim B. Clark.
Online learning involves courses offered by primary institutions that are 100% virtual. Online learning,or virtual classes offered over the internet,is contrasted with traditional courses taken in a brick-and-mortar school building. It is a development in distance education that expanded in the 1990s with the spread of the commercial Internet and the World Wide Web. The learner experience is typically asynchronous but may also incorporate synchronous elements. The vast majority of institutions utilize a learning management system for the administration of online courses. As theories of distance education evolve,digital technologies to support learning and pedagogy continue to transform as well.
