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The politics of Vatican City take place in a framework of a theocratic absolute elective monarchy,in which the Pope,religiously speaking,the leader of the Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome,exercises ex officio supreme legislative,executive,and judicial power over the Vatican City as it is being governed by the Holy See,a rare case of non-hereditary monarchy.
Myron Charles Taylor was an American industrialist,and later a diplomat involved in many of the most important geopolitical events during and after World War II.
Ernst Heinrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker was a German naval officer,diplomat and politician. He served as State Secretary at the Foreign Office of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1943,and as its Ambassador to the Holy See from 1943 to 1945. He was a member of the prominent Weizsäcker family,and the father of German President Richard von Weizsäcker and physicist and philosopher Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker.
Pio Laghi was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. His service was primarily in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and the Roman Curia. He served as Apostolic nuncio to several countries and as the Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1991. Cardinal Laghi was Pope John Paul II's secret emissary to the White House and to several presidents of the United States. He had a particularly close relationship with George H. W. Bush,and George W. Bush.
Jozef Tomko was a Slovak prelate of the Catholic Church who held positions in the Roman Curia from 1962 until he retired in 2007. He was prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 1985 to 2001 and president of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses from 2001 to 2007. He was made a cardinal in 1985.
Renato Raffaele Martino is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He has been a cardinal since 2003. He has been the longest serving cardinal deacon,the cardinal protodeacon,since June 2014. He served for more than twenty years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See,including sixteen years as Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations. He held positions in the Roman Curia from 2002 to 2009.
Gabriel Montalvo Higuera was a Colombian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See for fifty years,with the title of archbishop and the rank of nuncio from 1974. His assignments included terms as nuncio in Central America,northern Africa,Yugoslavia and the United States.
Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy was an Indian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in the Roman Curia and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985. His episcopical motto was Aedificare domum Dei which means "To build the house of God". He was the fourth cardinal from India and the first curial cardinal of Asia outside of the Middle East.
Dominique François Joseph Mamberti is a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and the Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura in the Roman Curia. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Francis in 2015.
James Robert Knox GCC was an Australian prelate of the Catholic Church. After years as a Vatican diplomat,he served as Archbishop of Melbourne from 1967 to 1974,prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments from 1974 to 1981,and president of the Pontifical Council for the Family from 1981 until his death in 1983. Created a cardinal in 1973,he was the first Australian to serve in the Roman Curia.
The current United States Ambassador to the Holy See is Joe Donnelly,who replaced the ad interim Chargéd'Affaires,Patrick Connell,on April 11,2021. The Holy See is represented by its apostolic nuncio,Cardinal Christophe Pierre,who assumed office on April 12,2016. The U.S. Embassy to the Holy See is located in Rome,in the Villa Domiziana. The Nunciature to the United States is located in Washington,D.C.,at 3339 Massachusetts Avenue,N.W.
Holy See–United Kingdom relations are foreign relations between the Holy See and the United Kingdom.
Paul Richard Gallagher,is a British prelate of the Catholic Church who has been Secretary for Relations with States within the Holy See's Secretariat of State since November 2014. He has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1984 and has held the rank of archbishop and apostolic nuncio since 2004,serving as nuncio in Burundi,Guatemala,and Australia.
Foreign relations of Pope Pius XII extended to most of Europe and a few states outside Europe. Pius XII was pope from 1939 to 1958,during World War II and the beginning of the Cold War.
Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli visited the United States for two weeks in October–November 1936 as Cardinal Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. At the time,Pacelli was the highest-ranking Catholic official ever to visit the US. Although he did not visit the US as Pope,he was the first Pope who visited the US at any time in his life.
James Henry Ambrose Griffiths was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York from 1950 to 1964.
John Joseph Hearne was an Irish barrister,academic and diplomat who was referred to as "Ireland's Thomas Jefferson" for his role in the drafting of the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. He was also the first Ambassador of Ireland to the United States.
Józef Wesołowski was a Polish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was an archbishop from 2000 until being laicized by the Holy See in 2014. He was the Apostolic Nuncio to the Dominican Republic from January 2008 until he was recalled in August 2013. Authorities in the Dominican Republic were investigating allegations of child abuse against him. In June 2015,the Vatican announced he would stand trial on charges of possessing child pornography,for which he faced a possible prison term. He died on 27 August 2015 of a heart attack before going to trial.
Randy William Berry is an American diplomat and the United States ambassador to Namibia since February 9,2023. He has previously served as the United States ambassador to Nepal and the first U.S. special envoy for the human rights of LGBTI persons.