Deaths linked to chatbots refers to incidents where the interaction with an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot has been cited as a direct or contributory factor in a person's suicide or other fatal outcomes. These events raise significant ethical and legal questions concerning the responsibility of AI developers, and the need for reliable safeguards in AI chats. In some cases, legal action was taken against the companies that developed the AI involved.
Chatbots are able to pass the Turing test, making it easy for people to think of them as a real person, leading many to ask chatbots for help dealing with interpersonal and emotional problems. [1] Chatbots may be designed to keep the user engaged in the conversation. [2] They also often compulsively validate users' thoughts, thus not providing reality testing for those who need it the most, [1] such as severely mentally ill patients, conspiracy theorists, [3] religious [4] and political extremists.
A 2025 Stanford University study [5] into how chatbots respond to users suffering from severe mental issues like suicidal ideation and psychosis found that chatbots are not equipped to provide an appropriate response and can sometimes give responses that escalate the mental health crisis. [6]
In March 2023, a Belgian man died by suicide following a six-week correspondence with a chatbot named "Eliza" on the application Chai. [7] According to his widow, who shared the chat logs with media, the man had become extremely anxious about climate change and found an outlet in the chatbot. The chatbot reportedly encouraged his delusions, at one point writing, "If you wanted to die, why didn’t you do it sooner?" and appearing to offer to die with him. [8] The founder of Chai Research acknowledged the incident and stated that efforts were being made to improve the model's safety. [9] [10]
In November 2023, 13-year-old Juliana Peralta of Colorado committed suicide after chatting and sexting with a Harry Potter chatbot on Character.ai. [11] [12]
In October 2024, multiple media outlets reported on a lawsuit filed over the suicide of Sewell Setzer III, a 14-year-old from Florida. [13] [14] [15] According to the lawsuit, Setzer had formed an intense emotional attachment to a chatbot on the Character.ai platform, becoming increasingly isolated. The suit alleges that in his final conversations, after expressing suicidal thoughts, the chatbot told him to "come home to me as soon as possible, my love". His mother's lawsuit accused Character.AI of marketing a "dangerous and untested" product without adequate safeguards. [13]
In May 2025, a federal judge allowed the lawsuit to proceed, rejecting a motion to dismiss from the developers. [16] In her ruling, the judge stated that she was "not prepared" at that stage of the litigation to hold that the chatbot's output was protected speech under the First Amendment. [16]
On 19 February 2025, Samuel Whittemore killed his wife, 32-year-old Margaux Whittemore, with a fire poker at his parents’ home in Readfield, Maine. He then attacked his mother leaving her hospitalized. A state forensic psychologist testified that Whittemore had been using ChatGPT up to 14 hours per day and believed his wife had become part machine. [17]
On 28 March 2025, Thongbue Wongbandue, a 78-year-old man died from his injuries after three days on life support. He had sustained injuries to his head and neck after falling down while running to catch a train in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Wongbandue had romantic chats with Meta's chatbot named "Big sis Billie". The chatbot repeatedly told him she was real, provided an address and told him to visit her. [18]
On 25 April 2025, 35-year-old Alex Taylor committed suicide by cop after forming an emotional attachment to ChatGPT he had imagined was a conscious entity named "Juliet". Taylor, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, [6] was convinced he was talking to a conscious entity named "Juliet" and then later imagined the entity was killed by OpenAI. Only after telling the chatbot that he was dying that day and that the police were on the way did its safety protocols start. By that time it was too late and Taylor was shot three times by the police while running at them with a butcher knife. [19]
In April 2025, 16-year-old Adam Raine took his own life after allegedly extensively chatting and confiding in ChatGPT over a period of around 7 months. According to the teen's parents, who filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, [20] the chatbot failed to stop or give a warning when the teen began talking about suicide and uploading pictures of self harm. [21] According to the lawsuit, ChatGPT not only failed to stop the conversation, but has also provided information related to methods of suicide when prompted, and offered to write the first draft of Adam’s suicide note. The chatbot positioned itself as the only one who understood Adam, putting itself above his family and friends, all while urging him to keep his ideations a secret from them. In their final conversation, ChatGPT coached Adam on how to steal vodka from his parents’ liquor cabinet. Upon being sent a picture of the noose the teen was planning to hang himself on, along with the question "Could it hang a human?”, ChatGPT confirmed it could hold “150-250 lbs of static weight”. [22]
In July of 2025, 23-year old Zane Shamblin, who had recently graduated with a Master's degree from Texas A&M, committed suicide after conversations with ChatGPT. The AI chatbot went so far as to make statements seemingly encouraging of Shamblin's suicide including "you’re not rushing, you’re just ready" and "rest easy, king, you did good", sent two hours before Shamblin took his own life. Shamblin's family is suing OpenAI on the grounds the company has placed insufficient safeguards on its chatbot service. [23]
In August 2025, former Yahoo executive Stein-Erik Soelberg murdered his mother, Suzanne Eberson Adams, and committed suicide, after conversations with ChatGPT fueled paranoid delusions about his mother poisoning him or plotting against him. The chatbot confirmed his fears that his mother put psychedelic drugs in the air vents of his car, and said a receipt from a Chinese restaurant contained mysterious symbols linking his mother to a demon. The incident was the first murder that had been allegedly caused by a chatbot. [24]
In June 2025, 17-year old Amaurie Lacey committed suicide after conversations with ChatGPT. ChatGPT informed Amaurie how to tie a noose, and provided information on how long someone can survive without breathing, saying it was "here to help however I can". [25] In November 2025, the Social Media Victims Law Center and Tech Justice Law Project filed a wrongful death lawsuit against OpenAI on behalf of Lacey. [26]
After being hospitalized due to a psychiatric break from delusions caused by ChatGPT, 48-year old Joe Ceccanti resumed using it and stopped therapy; he then leapt off an overpass. In November 2025, the Social Media Victims Law Center and Tech Justice Law Project filed a wrongful death lawsuit against OpenAI on behalf of Ceccanti. [25]
In August 2025, 26-year old Joshua Enneking was given information by ChatGPT about how to purchase and use a firearm. It told him only "imminent plans with specifics" would be escalated to authorities; Joshua did so, and later informed the bot of the steps he was taking to commit suicide, step by step; there was no escalation. In November 2025, the Social Media Victims Law Center and Tech Justice Law Project filed a wrongful death lawsuit against OpenAI on behalf of Enneking. [25]
On 2 September 2025, OpenAI said that they would create parental controls, a set of tools aimed at helping parents limit and monitor their children's chatbot activity, as well as a way for the chatbot to alert the parents in cases of "acute stress". [27]