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The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic during the country's transition from a grand duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state. The clashes took place in the context of the national, political, and social turmoil caused by World War I in Europe. The war was fought between the Red Guards, led by a section of the Social Democratic Party, and the White Guards, conducted by the senate and those who opposed socialism with assistance late in the war by the German Imperial Army at the request of the Finnish civil government. The paramilitary Red Guards, which were composed of industrial and agrarian workers, controlled the cities and industrial centers of southern Finland. The paramilitary White Guards, which consisted of land owners and those in the middle and upper classes, controlled rural central and northern Finland, and were led by General C. G. E. Mannerheim.
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Otto Wilhelm "Wille" Kuusinen was a Finnish-born Soviet communist and, later, Soviet politician, literary historian, and poet who, after the defeat of the Reds in the Finnish Civil War, fled to the Soviet Union, where he worked until his death. He briefly led the so-called Finnish Democratic Republic before serving as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.
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References
- ↑ "Finland country profile". BBC. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ↑ Raimo Salokangas. "From Political to National, Regional and Local" (PDF). Cirebon. Archived from the original (Book chapter) on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ M. W. Bauer; G. Gaskell (5 September 2002). Biotechnology - the Making of a Global Controversy. Cambridge University Press. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-521-77439-0.
