Department of Chemistry, University of York

Last updated

Department of Chemistry, University of York
Chemistry A Block and Chemistry Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 4719065.jpg
The outside of Chemistry A Block
Type Academic department
Established1965
Affiliation University of York
Head of DepartmentProfessor Caroline Dessent
Academic staff
60
Undergraduates 620
Postgraduates 200
Location
York, Yorkshire, England
Website www.york.ac.uk/chemistry/

The Department of Chemistry at the University of York opened in 1965 with Sir Richard Norman being the founding professor of the department. [1] The department has since grown to over 820 students and provides both undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Chemistry and other related fields, with the current Head of department being Professor Caroline Dessent. [2]

Contents

Research

Chemistry Research Centres

Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance

The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance is a interdisciplinary research centre jointly-run with the Department of Psychology, with a focus on the development of techniques for nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. [3] The centre is primarily located on York Science Park housing high resolution NMR machines and a 7 T pre-clinical MRI scanner. [4] Recent research has focused on Nitrogen-15 Hyperpolarized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to study Nitrogen cycle Synthons. [5] The centre has also been working on research involving the tracking of anticancer agents for use in MRI. [6]

Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry

Created in 2008 the centre is a joint venture with the Department of Biology and is currently based in the York Science Park. Research areas are very broad and range from therapeutic protein discovery to supporting archaeological research. [7]

Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence

Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories - geograph.org.uk - 4282599.jpg
Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories

The research centre is associated with both the Biorenewables Development Centre and Centre for Novel Agricultural Products and focuses on making changes to help promote low carbon and bio-based economy. [8] [9] Recent research had led to exploration of harvesting fog for a renewable source of water and development of absorption techniques to reduce the impact of pollutants on the environment. [10] [11]

Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories

Established in 2013, the research group studies and develops technology for atmospheric science with key areas of focus including air pollution as well as ozone depleting substances. [12] The group also runs the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory studying the effects of nitrogen oxides and various other pollutants are having on the environment. [13]

Facilities

Developments

Outside of the Dorothy Hodgkin Building Dorothy Hodgkin Building - geograph.org.uk - 482387.jpg
Outside of the Dorothy Hodgkin Building

Since 2010 the Department of Chemistry has undergone £29 million of renovations with the development of phase 2 of the Dorothy Hodgkin research building. The 3 story building costing £9.4 million provides space for 100 researchers with research interests ranging from medical chemistry to solar energy. A secondary development consisting of chemistry F block was completed in 2014. The site provides new undergraduate facilities and social space. The top floor of the research building also houses the Green Chemistry centre of Excellence. [14] The centres for Biorenewables Development and Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance have also recently undergone developments. [15]

Associated departments and research centres

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnetic resonance imaging</span> Medical imaging technique

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. MRI does not involve X-rays or the use of ionizing radiation, which distinguishes it from computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. MRI is a medical application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) which can also be used for imaging in other NMR applications, such as NMR spectroscopy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard R. Ernst</span> Swiss physical chemist and Nobel laureate (1933–2021)

Richard Robert Ernst was a Swiss physical chemist and Nobel laureate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Lauterbur</span> American chemist (1929–2007)

Paul Christian Lauterbur was an American chemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 with Peter Mansfield for his work which made the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) possible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Mansfield</span> English physicist known for magnetic resonance imaging

Sir Peter Mansfield was an English physicist who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, shared with Paul Lauterbur, for discoveries concerning Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Mansfield was a professor at the University of Nottingham.

Hyperpolarization is the spin polarization of the atomic nuclei of a material in a magnetic field far beyond thermal equilibrium conditions determined by the Boltzmann distribution. It can be applied to gases such as 129Xe and 3He, and small molecules where the polarization levels can be enhanced by a factor of 104–105 above thermal equilibrium levels. Hyperpolarized noble gases are typically used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lungs. Hyperpolarized small molecules are typically used for in vivo metabolic imaging. For example, a hyperpolarized metabolite can be injected into animals or patients and the metabolic conversion can be tracked in real-time. Other applications include determining the function of the neutron spin-structures by scattering polarized electrons from a very polarized target (3He), surface interaction studies, and neutron polarizing experiments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National High Magnetic Field Laboratory</span> Magnetism research institute in the United States

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab) is a facility at Florida State University, the University of Florida, and Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, that performs magnetic field research in physics, biology, bioengineering, chemistry, geochemistry, biochemistry. It is the only such facility in the US, and is among twelve high magnetic facilities worldwide. The lab is supported by the National Science Foundation and the state of Florida, and works in collaboration with private industry.

Herbert Sander Gutowsky was an American chemist who was a professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Gutowsky was the first to apply nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods to the field of chemistry. He used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of molecules. His pioneering work developed experimental control of NMR as a scientific instrument, connected experimental observations with theoretical models, and made NMR one of the most effective analytical tools for analysis of molecular structure and dynamics in liquids, solids, and gases, used in chemical and medical research, His work was relevant to the solving of problems in chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science, and has influenced many of the subfields of more recent NMR spectroscopy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear magnetic resonance</span> Spectroscopic technique based on change of nuclear spin state

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are disturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field and respond by producing an electromagnetic signal with a frequency characteristic of the magnetic field at the nucleus. This process occurs near resonance, when the oscillation frequency matches the intrinsic frequency of the nuclei, which depends on the strength of the static magnetic field, the chemical environment, and the magnetic properties of the isotope involved; in practical applications with static magnetic fields up to ca. 20 tesla, the frequency is similar to VHF and UHF television broadcasts (60–1000 MHz). NMR results from specific magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei. High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is widely used to determine the structure of organic molecules in solution and study molecular physics and crystals as well as non-crystalline materials. NMR is also routinely used in advanced medical imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The original application of NMR to condensed matter physics is nowadays mostly devoted to strongly correlated electron systems. It reveals large many-body couplings by fast broadband detection and should not be confused with solid state NMR, which aims at removing the effect of the same couplings by Magic Angle Spinning techniques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jürgen Hennig</span> German chemist and medical physicist (born 1951)

Jürgen Klaus Hennig is a German chemist and medical physicist. Internationally he is considered to be one of the pioneers of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for clinical diagnostics. He is the Scientific Director of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Chairman of the Magnetic Resonance Development and Application Center (MRDAC) at the University Medical Center Freiburg. In the year 2003 he was awarded the Max Planck Research Award in the category of Biosciences and Medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clare Grey</span> British chemist and Professor of Chemistry

Dame Clare Philomena Grey is Geoffrey Moorhouse Gibson Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Grey uses nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study and optimize batteries.

James S. Hyde was an American biophysicist. He held the James S. Hyde chair in Biophysics at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) where he specialized in magnetic resonance instrumentation and methodology development in two distinct areas: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He is senior author of the widely cited 1995 paper by B.B. Biswal et al. reporting the discovery of resting state functional connectivity (fcMRI) in the human brain. He also served as Director of the National Biomedical EPR Center, a Research Resource supported by the National Institutes of Health. He was author of more than 400 peer-reviewed papers and review articles and held 35 U.S. Patents. He was recognized by Festschrifts in both EPR and fcMRI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyndon Emsley</span> British chemist

David Lyndon Emsley FRSC is a British chemist specialising in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and a professor at EPFL. He was awarded the 2012 Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer of the French Académie des Sciences and the 2015 Bourke Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is a functional medical imaging technique for probing perfusion and metabolism using injected substrates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of magnetic resonance imaging</span>

The history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) includes the work of many researchers who contributed to the discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and described the underlying physics of magnetic resonance imaging, starting early in the twentieth century. One researcher was American physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging. MR imaging was invented by Paul C. Lauterbur who developed a mechanism to encode spatial information into an NMR signal using magnetic field gradients in September 1971; he published the theory behind it in March 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucio Frydman</span> Israeli researcher

Lucio Frydman is an Israeli chemist whose research focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid-state NMR. He was awarded the 2000 Günther Laukien Prize, the 2013 Russell Varian Prize and the 2021 Ernst Prize. He is Professor and Head of the Department of Chemical and Biological Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and Chief Scientist in Chemistry and Biology at the US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida. He is a fellow of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance and of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Magnetic Resonance (2011-2021).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matthew S. Rosen</span>

Matthew S. Rosen is an American physicist and professor.

Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the anatomy and physiology of body regions that are difficult to image with standard proton MRI. In particular, the lung, which lacks substantial density of protons, is particularly useful to be visualized with 129Xe gas MRI. This technique has promise as an early-detection technology for chronic lung diseases and imaging technique for processes and structures reliant on dissolved gases. 129Xe is a stable, naturally occurring isotope of xenon with 26.44% isotope abundance. It is one of two Xe isotopes, along with 131Xe, that has non-zero spin, which allows for magnetic resonance. 129Xe is used for MRI because its large electron cloud permits hyperpolarization and a wide range of chemical shifts. The hyperpolarization creates a large signal intensity, and the wide range of chemical shifts allows for identifying when the 129Xe associates with molecules like hemoglobin. 129Xe is preferred over 131Xe for MRI because 129Xe has spin 1/2, a longer T1, and 3.4 times larger gyromagnetic ratio (11.78 MHz/T).

Kevin Michael Brindle,, is a British biochemist, currently Professor of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge and a Senior Group Leader at Cancer Research UK. He is known for developing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for use in cell biochemistry and new imaging methods for early detection, monitoring, and treatment of cancer.

Hyperpolarized gas MRI, also known as hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI or HPHe-3 MRI, is a medical imaging technique that uses hyperpolarized gases to improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique has many potential applications in medicine, including the imaging of the lungs and other areas of the body with low tissue density.

Xin Zhou is a Chinese scientist specializing in magnetic resonance imaging. He holds the position of Professor and currently serves as the President of the Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences since July 2022. APM comprises two state key laboratories: the State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, and the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics. Additionally, it hosts several national platforms, including the National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan.

References

  1. "About the Department - Chemistry, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  2. "Academic staff - About staff, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  3. "Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance - Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  4. "About us - Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  5. Rayner, Peter J.; Fekete, Marianna; Gater, Callum A.; Ahwal, Fadi; Turner, Norman; Kennerley, Aneurin J.; Duckett, Simon B. (18 May 2022). "Real-Time High-Sensitivity Reaction Monitoring of Important Nitrogen-Cycle Synthons by 15 N Hyperpolarized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (19): 8756–8769. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c02619. ISSN   0002-7863. PMC   9121385 . PMID   35508182.
  6. Fear, Elizabeth J.; Kennerley, Aneurin J.; Rayner, Peter J.; Norcott, Philip; Roy, Soumya S.; Duckett, Simon B. (7 March 2022). "SABRE hyperpolarized anticancer agents for use in 1 H MRI". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 88 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1002/mrm.29166. ISSN   0740-3194. PMC   9310590 . PMID   35253267. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  7. "About us - Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  8. "Introduction to Green Chemistry - Chemistry, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  9. York, University of (24 March 2023). "Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence - Research, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  10. Mistry, Kishan; Hurst, Glenn A. (11 October 2022). "A Simple Setup to Explore Fog Harvesting as a Clean and Sustainable Source of Water". Journal of Chemical Education. 99 (10): 3553–3557. doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00018 . ISSN   0021-9584.
  11. Abdoul, Hayman J.; Yi, Minghao; Prieto, Manuel; Yue, Hangbo; Ellis, Gary J.; Clark, James H.; Budarin, Vitaliy L.; Shuttleworth, Peter S. (15 March 2023). "Efficient adsorption of bulky reactive dyes from water using sustainably-derived mesoporous carbons". Environmental Research. 221: 115254. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115254. hdl: 10261/329510 . ISSN   0013-9351. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  12. "Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories - Research, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  13. "Scientists search for new source of air pollutants over Cape Verde". NCAS. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  14. "Chemistry F block". University of York. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  15. "Chemistry New Buildings Project - Chemistry, University of York". University of York. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.