Related Research Articles
The Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued to members of the eight uniformed services of the United States as well as to military and political figures of foreign governments.
Order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance of persons. Most often it is used in the context of people by many organizations and governments, for very formal and state occasions, especially where diplomats are present. It can also be used in the context of decorations, medals and awards. Historically, the order of precedence had a more widespread use, especially in court and aristocratic life.
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany is the only federal decoration of Germany. It was created by the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Theodor Heuss, on 7 September 1951, and has been awarded to over 200,000 individuals in total, both Germans and foreigners. Since the 1990s, the number of annual awards has declined from over 4,000, first to around 2,300–2,500 per year, and now under 2,000, with a low of 1752 in 2011. In recent years, women have made up a steady 30–31% of recipients. Colloquially, the decorations of the different classes of the Order are also known as the Federal Cross of Merit (Bundesverdienstkreuz).
Julian Baltazar Marchlewski was a Polish communist politician, revolutionary activist, publicist and chairman of the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee. He was also known under the aliases Karski and Kujawiak.
The following is a list of medals, awards and decorations in use in Poland. Most of them are awarded by the Polish Army, but some of them are civilian decorations that may be worn by the military personnel.
Nalewka, plural nalewki, is a traditional alcohol from Poland. Similar to medicinal tinctures, it is usually 40% to 45% alcohol by volume, though some can be as strong as 75%. Nalewka is created by macerating and / or infusing various ingredients in alcohol, usually vodka or neutral spirits. Among the ingredients often used are fruits, herbs, spices, roots, sugar and honey. The name nalewka is currently being registered for national appellation within the European Union. Unlike ordinary liqueurs, nalewkas are usually aged. Since nalewka is produced by infusion rather than distillation, the liquid is typically colorful and somewhat opaque. Taste-wise, nalewka is similar to fruit liqueurs such as schnapps or eau-de-vie, but is usually sweeter and typically lacks a strong alcohol taste.
A pastille is a type of sweet or medicinal pill made of a thick liquid that has been solidified and is meant to be consumed by light chewing and allowing it to dissolve in the mouth. They are also used to describe certain forms of incense.
The Constitution of the Polish People's Republic was a supreme law passed in communist-ruled Poland on 22 July 1952. It superseded the post-World War II provisional Small Constitution of 1947, which in turn replaced the pre-war April Constitution of 1935.
The War Order of Virtuti Militari is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war. It was created in 1792 by Polish King Stanisław II August and is one of the oldest military decorations in the world still in use.
Armia Krajowa Cross is a Polish military decoration that was introduced by General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski on 1 August 1966 to commemorate the efforts of the soldiers of the Polish Secret State between 1939 and 1945. The decoration was awarded to soldiers of the Home Army and of its predecessor organizations.
The Order of the Cross of Grunwald was a military decoration created in Poland in November 1943 by the High Command of Gwardia Ludowa, a World War II Polish resistance movement organised by the Polish Workers Party. On 20 February 1944 it was confirmed by the State National Council and on 22 December by the Polish Committee of National Liberation and further confirmed on 17 February 1960 by the government of the People's Republic of Poland.
Light cavalerie vodka is a type of bitter. Specifically a type of Polish bitter known as nalewka, a macerate of herbs and spices in a distilled spirit, in this case vodka. The family of nalewka for which this belongs is commonly known as "Bitter Drops."
The Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland is a former Polish civil state award established by the Council of State on 23 May 1954 to recognize services to the state.
Orders and medals were awarded in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1998 and 2006. Before the 1992 dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Orders and medals of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were awarded. Some of the old pre-1992 SFRY orders and medals were retained by FR Yugoslavia, while some new were established. Orders and medals of FR Yugoslavia were regulated by the Law on Decorations of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia adopted on 4 December 1998. Between 1992 and 1998, no decorations were awarded in FR Yugoslavia.
The Medal of the 30th Anniversary of People's Poland is a former civil decoration of Poland established by the Council of State on 7 February 1974 to recognize contribution of working people in development of the country. It was awarded between 7 February 1974 and 31 December 1974. It was disestablished in 1992.
The Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland is a former civil decoration of Poland established by the Sejm on 26 April 1984 to recognize the contribution of working people in the development of the socialist state. It was awarded between 22 July 1984 and 22 July 1985. It was disestablished in 1992.
The following events occurred in July 1955:
Karminadle, gehaktyz, karbinadle, kardinadle - a Silesian dish, meatballs traditionally prepared from pork meat. The aforesaid compose a traditional Upper Silesian karminadle, served with potato pureé, kasza or rice.
Pyzy are a type of dumpling (kluski). The dish is most commonly referred to in its plural for pyzy, as it is most commonly served as a main course meal: large oval-shaped kluski, characteristic to Polish cuisine.
Moczka is a Silesian dish prepared for Christmas.