Der shtern

Last updated
Der shtern
FoundedNovember 7, 1918
Language Yiddish
Ceased publicationApril 1921
CountryByelorussian SSR

Der shtern ('The Star') was a Soviet Yiddish newspaper, first published in Smolensk on November 7, 1918. Der shtern became one of the main Yiddish publications in the early Soviet period. Before the end of the year, as Minsk came under the control of the Soviets, the publication was shifted there. [1] The first issue from Minsk was published on December 27, 1918. [2] It was an organ of the North-Western Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik). [2] The editors of the newspaper at the time were M. Kalmanavich and Zalman Khaykin. [2] The newspaper had four pages, in a 36x53 cm format. [2]

History

In January 1919 Der shtern became the organ of the Jewish Communist Party in Belorussia. [2] The editorial committee consisted of Zalman Khaykin, T. Kaplan and G. Sverdlov. [2]

On April 3, 1919 Der shtern began publishing from Vilna, as an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania and Belorussia, replacing the Vilna-based newspaper Der Komunist . [3] Publication of Der shtern was discontinued on April 18, 1919 when Vilna was seized by Polish forces. [3] Khaykin, the founding editor of the paper, was killed in battle in Vilna. [1] 12 issues of Der shtern were published from Vilna. [4]

In early May 1919, Der Shtern is, from its 87th issue, again published from Minsk, now as an organ of the Central Committee and the Minsk City Committee of the Komfarband. [2] From August 1919, it becomes an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Belorussia and the Central Bureau of the Yevsektsiya. [2] The editorial committee at the time consisted of R. Weinshtein, G. Sverdlov and A. Shein. [2]

On August 13, 1920, from its 158th issue, the newspaper began publishing from Vitebsk. [2] It was the organ of the Vitebsk Governorate Committee of the Communist Party (bolshevik) of Belorussia and the Vitebsk District Secretariat of the Yevsektsiya. [2] Abruptly, Der shtern was moved back to Minsk, where it was published as an organ of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party (bolshevik) of Belorussia and the Central Bureau of the Yevsektsiya in Belorussia. [2]

In April 1921 Der shtern was replaced by Der Veker , a former bundist newspaper in Minsk, as the main Yiddish publication of the Communist Party (bolshevik) of Belorussia. [5] The last issue of Der shtern was published on April 20, 1921. [2] All in all 596 issues of Der shtern were published. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</span> Republic of the Soviet Union

The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Byelorussia, Belarusian SSR, Soviet Belarus, or simply Belarus, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1991 as one of fifteen constituent republics of the USSR, with its own legislation from 1990 to 1991. The republic was ruled by the Communist Party of Byelorussia and was also referred to as Soviet Byelorussia or Soviet Belarus by a number of historians. Other names for Byelorussia included White Russia or White Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

A Yevsektsiya was a Jewish section of the Soviet Communist Party. These sections were established in fall of 1918 with consent of Vladimir Lenin to carry communist revolution to the Jewish masses. The Yevsektsiya published a Yiddish periodical, der Emes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia</span> 1919–1920 soviet republic in Eastern Europe

The Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia, alternatively referred to as the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and White Russia or simply Litbel (Lit-Bel), was a Soviet republic that existed within the parts of the territories of modern Belarus and Lithuania for approximately five months during the Lithuanian–Soviet War and the Polish–Soviet War in 1919. The Litbel republic was created in February 1919 formally through the merger of the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belorussia.

Semyon (Shimen) Markovich Dimanshtein was a Soviet state official, publisher, and leading theorist of national issues in the USSR, and one of the founders of the Soviet Oriental studies. He was considered by the Soviet government to be a representative of Soviet Jews.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nochum Shtif</span>

Nohum Shtif, was a Jewish linguist, literary historian, publisher, translator, and philologist of the Yiddish language and social activist. In his early years he wrote under the pen name Baal Dimion.

<i>Der Emes</i>

Der Emes was a Soviet newspaper in Yiddish. A continuation of the short-lived Di varhayt, Der Emes began publishing in Moscow on August 8, 1918. The publisher was the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Moishe Litvakov was its editor-in-chief from 1921 until his arrest in the fall of 1937; after that, the newspaper was headed by an anonymous "editorial board". From January 7, 1921, to March 1930 Der Emes appeared as the organ of the Central Bureau of Yevsektsiya. In January 1939 the campaign against Yiddish culture in the USSR became widespread, and Der Emes was liquidated.

Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion) (Russian: Еврейская коммунистическая партия (Поалей-Цион), Evreĭskaia kommunisticheskaia partiia (Poaleĭ-Tsion), abbreviated EKP) was a political party in Russia 1919-1922. The party was formed at a conference of communist dissident fractions of the Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion), held in Gomel August 10-15, 1919. Members of the party were nick-named 'EKOP-ists'. It was affiliated to the Jewish Communist Union (Poalei Zion).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia</span> Political party

The Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia also known as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Byelorussia, was a communist party which governed the short-lived Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Byelorussia in 1919. The Central Committee of the party had the status of a regional committee within the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Following the loss of Lithuania and Byelorussia to Polish forces in the Polish-Soviet war, the party organized partisan units behind the front lines. In September 1920 the party was disbanded into the Communist Party of Lithuania and the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia.

<i>Komunistishe fon</i>

Komunistishe fon, also known as Komfon, was a Soviet Yiddish newspaper published in Kiev 1919–1924. The newspaper was the result of the merger of two previously non-communist newspapers, Naye tsayt of the Fareynikte party and the Folkstsaytung of the Bund party. Kommunistishe fon was the organ of the Komfarband, and later became the organ of the Main Bureau of the Jewish sections of the Communist Party (bolshevik) of Ukraine.

The Communist Union of Bielorussia and Lithuania was a short-lived Jewish communist organization in Bielorussia. It was founded as the Jewish Communist Party in Bielorussia on January 19, 1919. The Jewish Communist Party of Bielorussia functioned as an autonomous unit of the Communist Party (bolsheviks) of Bielorussia.

<i>Der royter shtern</i> (Vitebsk)

Der royter shtern was a Yiddish-language newspaper published from the Soviet city of Vitebsk between 1920 and 1923. It was the organ of the Jewish Section of the Communist Party Committee of the Vitebsk Governorate. The first issue was published on August 19, 1920. It was published as a daily newspaper for about a year, and then became a weekly. Between the 9th and 10th congresses of the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks), 268 issues of Der royter shtern were published. It had a circulation of around 4,000.

Der shtern was a Yiddish language daily newspaper published from Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR between 1925 and 1941. It was an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (bolsheviks) of Ukraine and the All-Ukrainian Council of Trade Unions. M. Levitan served as editor in chief of the newspaper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Jewish Labour Bund</span> 1897–1921 Jewish socialist party in Russia

The General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia, generally called The Bund or the Jewish Labour Bund, was a secular Jewish socialist party initially formed in the Russian Empire and active between 1897 and 1920. In 1917 the Bund organizations in Poland seceded from the Russian Bund and created a new Polish General Jewish Labour Bund which continued to operate in Poland in the years between the two world wars. The majority faction of the Russian Bund was dissolved in 1921 and incorporated into the Communist Party. Other remnants of the Bund endured in various countries. A member of the Bund was called a Bundist.

Der Komunist was a Yiddish language daily newspaper published from Vilna between December 26, 1918 and April 3, 1919. It was an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania and Belorussia. The inaugural issue of Der Komunist was printed completely in red letters. At the time, the editor was Moshe Lunevsky. Semyon Dimanstein was one of the contributors to the newspaper. The newspaper had four pages, in a format of 30x46 cm. Copies of Der Komunist were sold for 10 kopeks.

<i>Der Veker</i> (Minsk) Yiddish Newspaper

Der Veker was a Yiddish language newspaper published from Minsk 1917–1941. Initially a Bundist publication founded in the midst of the 1917 revolutions, it continued publishing as a Communist Party organ until 1925.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Młot (Minsk)</span> Polish newspaper

Młot ('Hammer') was a Polish language newspaper. It was published as a daily in Minsk in the 1920s.

The Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Sections of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (Lithuanian: RKP(b) Lietuvių sekcijų Centro Biuras) was an organization within the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) that coordinated groups of Lithuanian party members across Soviet Russia in 1917–1921. The Central Bureau played a key role in the formation of the communist movement in Lithuania in the lead-up to the establishment of the first Lithuanian Soviet Republic in 1918, as there was no communist movement there at the time of the October Revolution. The main leaders of the Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Sections were Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas and Zigmas Aleksa-Angarietis, the founding duo of Lithuanian Bolshevism. Five conferences of Lithuanian Bolsheviks in Soviet Russia were held between 1918 and 1921. The Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Sections functioned under the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Obliskomzap, short for Regional Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants Deputies of the Western Region and Front, was an organ for Soviet power in the Western Region claiming governing authority in the Belarusian lands not under German or Austro-Hungarian occupation from late 1917 throughout 1918. It was to function as the highest body of legislative power, between the holding of congresses of soviets, in Vitebsk Governorate, Mogilev Governorate, Minsk Governorate, Vilna Governorate and Smolensk Governorate. A Regional Council of People's Commissars was formed as the corresponding executive branch of government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North-Western Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</span> Former regional party committee in Soviet Russia

The North-Western Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), earlier the North-Western Regional Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), was a regional committee (obkom) of the Bolshevik Party in the Western Region 1917–1918. Alexander Miasnikian was the chairman of the regional committee. Vilhelm Knorin was the secretary of the regional committee. Another leader of the regional committee was Ivan Alibegov.

Der Bialistoker Shtern was a Yiddish-language newspaper published in Bialystok during the period of Soviet rule 1939–1941. It was the sole Jewish newspaper published in the territories of the Second Polish Republic incorporated in 1939 into the Byelorussian SSR during this period, and the editorial board of the newspaper became a hub for the Jewish intelligentsia of the city and attracted Jewish refugee writers displaced by the German occupation of Poland. The contents of the newspaper were predominantly translations of Soviet press materials and party editorials, and Jewish-related content to large extent restricted to attacks on Jewish religion and Jewish political parties. The spellings in the newspaper diverged from standard Soviet orthography. Publication of the newspaper was discontinued as Germany attacked the Soviet Union.

References

  1. 1 2 Estraikh, Gennady (2005). "The Yiddish-Language Communist Press". In Frankel, Jonathan (ed.). Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Vol. 20, Dark Times, Dire Decisions: Jews and Communism. New York City: Oxford University Press. pp. 63–64.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Абрам Киржниц; Дзяржаўная бібліятэка і бібліяграфічны інстытут БССР. Яўрэйскі аддзел (1928). די יידישע פרעסע אין ראטנפארבאנד (1917-1927). ווייסרוסלענדישע ביכער-קאמער בא דער ווייסרוסלענדישער מעלוכע-ביבליאטָעק. p. 18.
  3. 1 2 Bar, Arie (1980). The Jewish Press that was: Accounts, Evaluations, and Memories of Jewish Papers in Pre-Holocaust Europe. World Federation of Jewish Journalists. p. 228 via Google Books.
  4. Marten-Finnis, Susanne (2004). Vilna as a Centre of the Modern Jewish Press, 1840-1928: Aspirations, Challenges, and Progress. Peter Lang. pp. 130, 170. ISBN   978-3-03910-080-4 via Google Books.
  5. Bemporad, Elissa (2006). Red star on the Jewish street: the reshaping of Jewish life in Soviet Minsk, 1917-1939. Stanford University. p. 90 via Google Books.