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Rhodesia,officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia,was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979. During this fourteen-year period,Rhodesia served as the de facto successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia,and in 1980 it became modern day Zimbabwe.
Ian Douglas Smith was a Rhodesian politician,farmer,and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 1964 to 1979. He was the country's first leader to be born and raised in Rhodesia,and led the predominantly white government that unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in November 1965 in opposition to the UK's demands for the implementation of majority rule as a condition for independence. His 15 years in power were defined by the country's international isolation and involvement in the Rhodesian Bush War,which pitted the Rhodesian Security Forces against the Soviet- and Chinese-funded military wings of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU).
Northern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in Southern Africa,now the independent country of Zambia. It was formed in 1911 by amalgamating the two earlier protectorates of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia. It was initially administered,as were the two earlier protectorates,by the British South Africa Company (BSAC),a chartered company,on behalf of the British Government. From 1924,it was administered by the British Government as a protectorate,under similar conditions to other British-administered protectorates,and the special provisions required when it was administered by BSAC were terminated.
Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965,announcing that Rhodesia a British territory in southern Africa that had governed itself since 1923,now regarded itself as an independent sovereign state. The culmination of a protracted dispute between the British and Rhodesian governments regarding the terms under which the latter could become fully independent,it was the first unilateral break from the United Kingdom by one of its colonies since the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. The UK,the Commonwealth,and the United Nations all deemed Rhodesia's UDI illegal,and economic sanctions,the first in the UN's history,were imposed on the breakaway colony. Amid near-complete international isolation,Rhodesia continued as an unrecognised state with the assistance of South Africa and Portugal.
Balthazar Johannes "B. J." Vorster,better known as John Vorster,was a South African politician who served as the prime minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978 and the fourth state president of South Africa from 1978 to 1979. Known as B. J. Vorster during much of his career,he came to prefer the anglicized name John in the 1970s.
Clifford Walter Dupont was a British-born Rhodesian politician who served in the internationally unrecognised positions of officer administrating the government and president. Born in London and qualifying as a solicitor,Dupont served during the Second World War as an officer of the British Royal Artillery in North Africa before first visiting Southern Rhodesia in 1947. He returned a year later,started a ranch and emigrated full-time during the early 1950s,by which time the country had become a territory of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Stanley Fischer is an Israeli-American economist who served as the 20th vice chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2017. Fischer previously served as the 8th governor of the Bank of Israel from 2005 to 2013. Born in Northern Rhodesia,he holds dual citizenship in Israel and the United States. He previously served as First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund and as Chief Economist of the World Bank. On January 10,2014,President Barack Obama nominated Fischer to the position of Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve. He is a senior advisor at BlackRock. On September 6,2017,Stanley Fischer announced that he was resigning as Vice-Chair for personal reasons effective October 13,2017,two days before his 74th birthday.
The Rhodesian Bush War also known as the Second Chimurenga as well as the Zimbabwean War of Independence,was a civil conflict from July 1964 to December 1979 in the unrecognised country of Rhodesia.
The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is the central bank of Zimbabwe and is headquartered in Harare.
Dr. Gerhardus Petrus Christiaan de Kock better known as Gerhard de Kock was the sixth Governor of the South African Reserve Bank. He was the son of Dr. M.H. de Kock,who was the third Governor of the South African Reserve Bank. South Africa's constitutional arrangements were changed during his term in office. The 1st Republic was superseded by the 2nd Republic in late 1984. Dr. de Kock was the first Governor of the South African Reserve Bank to die in office. His term was from 1 January 1981 until his death on 7 August 1989. He was succeeded by Dr. Chris Stals.
Tito Titus Mboweni is a South African politician who served as Minister of Finance of South Africa in the government of President Cyril Ramaphosa from 2018 to 2021.
During the 1960s,many independence movements emerged in countries near Rhodesia,which had significant effects on political affairs and social conditions within Rhodesia.
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland,also known as the Central African Federation (CAF),was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories:the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It existed between 1953 and 1963.
The president of Rhodesia was the head of state of Rhodesia from 1970 to 1979. As Rhodesia reckoned itself a parliamentary republic rather than a presidential republic at the time,the president's post was almost entirely ceremonial,and the real power continued to be vested in Rhodesia's prime minister,Ian Smith. Two individuals held the office of president,while two others served as acting presidents. Most were of British descent,but Clifford Dupont,the longest-serving,was of Huguenot stock.
The modern political history of Zimbabwe starts with the arrival of white people to what was dubbed Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. The country was initially run by an administrator appointed by the British South Africa Company. The prime ministerial role was first created in October 1923,when the country achieved responsible government,with Sir Charles Coghlan as its first Premier. The third premier,George Mitchell,renamed the post prime minister in 1933.
William John Harper was a politician,general contractor and Royal Air Force fighter pilot who served as a Cabinet minister in Rhodesia from 1962 to 1968,and signed that country's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from Britain in 1965. Born into a prominent Anglo-Indian merchant family in Calcutta,Harper was educated in India and England and joined the RAF in 1937. He served as an officer throughout the Second World War and saw action as one of "The Few" in the Battle of Britain,during which he was wounded in action. Appalled by Britain's granting of independence to India in 1947,he emigrated to Rhodesia on retiring from the Air Force two years later.
Rowan Cronjé was a Rhodesian politician who served in the cabinet under prime ministers Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa,and was later a Zimbabwean MP. He emigrated to South Africa in 1985 and served in the government of Bophuthatswana.
Queen of Rhodesia was the title asserted for Elizabeth II as Rhodesia's constitutional head of state following the country's Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. However,the position only existed under the Rhodesian constitution of 1965 and remained unrecognised elsewhere in the world. The British government,along with the United Nations and almost all governments,regarded the declaration of independence as an illegal act and nowhere else was the existence of the British monarch having separate status in Rhodesia accepted. With Rhodesia becoming a republic in 1970,the status or existence of the office ceased to be contestable.
David Colville Smith was a farmer and politician in Rhodesia and its successor states,Zimbabwe Rhodesia and Zimbabwe. He served in the cabinet of Rhodesia as Minister of Agriculture from 1968 to 1976,Minister of Finance from 1976 to 1979,and Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1978 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979,he also served Deputy Prime Minister of Rhodesia. He continued to serve as Minister of Finance in the government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. In 1980,he was appointed Minister of Trade and Commerce of the newly independent Zimbabwe,one of two whites included in the cabinet of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe.
Noel Hugh Botha Bruce was a South African banker and businessman. He was the Governor of the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia from 1964 to 1976.
References
- ↑ International Who's Who, South African Trade, Business and Industry. Who's who South Africa (Pty) Limited. 1986. ISBN 978-3-925306-03-7.
- ↑ The International Who's Who, 1989-90. Europa Publications Limited. 1935. ISBN 978-0-946653-50-8.
- ↑ Men of Achievement. Melrose Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-900332-53-1.
- ↑ "Government Gazette Staatskoerant" (PDF). REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA. September 2020.