Desulfotomaculota

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Desulfotomaculota
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Desulfotomaculota

Watanabe et al. 2019 [1]
Classes [2]
Synonyms

Thermodesulfobiota Garrity & Holt 2001

Desulfotomaculota is a phylum of Gram-positive bacteria within the Firmicutes, characterized by spore-forming, strictly anaerobic rods that typically reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. [3]

The name derives from the type genus Desulfotomaculum , meaning "sulfate-reducing sausage" (Latin desulfuricare – to desulfurize; tomaculum – sausage), reflecting the curved or straight rod shape of many members.

Established in 2019, the phylum unites several lineages previously scattered across Firmicutes, including thermophilic and mesophilic sulfate reducers. [4]

Members are metabolically diverse but predominantly sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), using sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as terminal electron acceptors. Many species also reduce Fe(III), nitrate, or fumarate, and some ferment pyruvate or grow syntrophically with hydrogen-consuming partners. [5] Endospores enable survival in extreme conditions, including high temperature (up to 70°C in Thermodesulfobium ), pressure, and desiccation. [6]

They inhabit anoxic sediments, hydrothermal vents, oil reservoirs, and contaminated groundwater, contributing to sulfur and iron cycling. Certain strains cause microbial corrosion of steel or spoil canned foods by producing H2S.

The phylum includes three classes: Desulfitobacteriia (halophilic and organohalide-respiring), Moorellia (thermophilic spore-formers), and Desulforamificia (marine and freshwater sulfate reducers). [7] Genomic studies reveal widespread CRISPR systems, toxin-antitoxin modules, and prophages, supporting adaptation to fluctuating redox environments. [8] [9] [10]

References

  1. ↑ Watanabe M, Kojima H, Fukui M (2019). "Proposal of Desulfotomaculota phyl. nov. and Desulfotomaculia class. nov. within the phylum Firmicutes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 69 (8): 2185–2193. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003482. PMID   31107193.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ "GTDB - Desulfotomaculota". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 2025-10-30.
  3. ↑ "Phylum: Desulfotomaculota". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2025-10-30.
  4. ↑ Shin, Joo Yeon; Steger, Michael F.; Shin, Dong Wook; Kim, So Young; Yang, Hyung-Kook; Cho, Juhee; Jeong, Ansuk; Park, Keeho; Kweon, Sun Seog; Park, Jong-Hyock (2019). "Patient-family communication mediates the relation between family hardiness and caregiver positivity: Exploring the moderating role of caregiver depression and anxiety". Journal of Psychosocial Oncology. 37 (5): 557–572. doi:10.1080/07347332.2019.1566808. ISSN   1540-7586. PMID   31107193.
  5. ↑ Lorenzo, Jose M.; Munekata, Paulo E.; Dominguez, Ruben; Pateiro, Mirian; Saraiva, Jorge A.; Franco, Daniel (2018), "Main Groups of Microorganisms of Relevance for Food Safety and Stability", Innovative Technologies for Food Preservation, Elsevier: 53–107, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811031-7.00003-0, ISBN   978-0-12-811031-7, PMC   7150063
  6. ↑ Aullo, Thomas; Ranchou-Peyruse, Anthony; Ollivier, Bernard; Magot, Michel (2013-12-02). "Desulfotomaculum spp. and related gram-positive sulfate-reducing bacteria in deep subsurface environments". Frontiers in Microbiology. 4: 362. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00362 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   3844878 . PMID   24348471.
  7. ↑ "List of bacterial orders", Wikipedia, 2025-09-07, retrieved 2025-10-30
  8. ↑ Makarova, K.S.; Wolf, Y.I.; Iranzo, J.; et al. (2020). "Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 18 (2): 67–83. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x. PMC   7028446 . PMID   31857715.
  9. ↑ Junior, E.C.V.; et al. (2018). "Genomic analysis of Desulfotomaculum spp. reveals distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems". PeerJ. 6: e5812. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5812 . PMC   6224433 . PMID   30416893.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  10. ↑ Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Iranzo, Jaime; Shmakov, Sergey A.; Alkhnbashi, Omer S.; Brouns, Stan J. J.; Charpentier, Emmanuelle; Cheng, David; Haft, Daniel H.; Horvath, Philippe; Moineau, Sylvain; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Scott, David; Shah, Shiraz A.; Siksnys, Virginijus (February 2020). "Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 18 (2): 67–83. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x. ISSN   1740-1534. PMC   8905525 . PMID   31857715.
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