Devalakshmidevi | |
---|---|
De-facto ruler of Kathmandu Valley | |
In office 1347–1366 | |
Monarchs | Jayarajadeva;Jayarjunadeva |
Personal details | |
Born | 1300 |
Died | 18 April 1366 |
Spouse | King Harisimhadeva |
Children | Jagatsimha |
Parent(s) | Jayatunga Malla (father) Padmulladevi (mother) |
Devalakshmidevi (often known as Devaladevi) was the daughter of Jayatunga Malla of Bhaktapur,and the wife of King Harisimhadeva of Tirhut. [1] [2] She was a key figure in the Malla-era politics in the 14th century until her death on 18 April 1366. [2] [3]
Devaladevi was the daughter of Jayatunga Malla of the House of Tripura,which was a ruling house in Bhadgaon at that time in Kathmandu Valley. In 1310 C.E.,King Harisimhadeva of Mithila invaded the Kathmandu Valley and after negotiations,in addition with other gifts,Devaladevi was given in marriage to Harisimhadeva. [1]
In 1324 C.E Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq invaded and conquered Tirhut. Harisimhadeva,along with Devaladevi and their son Jagatsimha,fled to Kathmandu valley. [2] Harisimhadeva died while en route due to his injuries but Devaladevi and Jagatsimha were welcomed by her brother Jayarudra Malla in Bhadgaon,who was then head of the House of Tripura and the de facto ruler [lower-alpha 1] of the Kathmandu valley. [1]
Jayarudra Malla died in 1326 C.E and without any male heirs,his daughter Nayakadevi was the heir to the House of Tripura. Nayakadevi was initially married to Harischandra,a refugee from Kashi,but in 1335 he was poisoned by the nobles. Then onwards,Devaladevi worked on gaining political supports from courtiers and nobles and later on her son,Jagatsimha,married Nayakadevi. [1]
Following the death of the then presiding monarch Jayari Malla in 1344,Devaladevi made an agreement with the House of Bhonta that a monarch would be installed from Bhonta on the condition that she remained the de facto ruler of the valley. In 1347,Jayarajadeva was crowned as the King following the agreement and Devaladevi remained the controlling figure. [2] She was given higher titles than the King himself. [1]
In 1347,a daughter,Rajaladevi,was born to Nayakadevi and Jagatsimha. Nayakadevi died ten days later and after a violent outbreak in the palace,Jagatsimha was thrown into prison where he died. This event left Rajaladevi,the heir to the House of Tripura,under the care of Devaladevi. [4] [2]
She was in constant political conflicts with the rebels and in 1348 she imprisoned Pashupati Malla,a powerful rebel. [1]
In 1354,Devaladevi brought Jayasthiti Malla,a man of obscure but noble birth,from the Mithila region to marry Rajaladevi,her granddaughter and the heir to the House of Tripura. Jayasthiti Malla later united the broken kingdoms of Kantipur,Patan,and Bhadgaon. [1] [2]
Devaladevi played a very active role in politics until her death in 1366. [1] [2] [4]
Bhaktapur,known locally as Khwopa and historically called Bhadgaon,is a city in the east corner of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the capital city,Kathmandu. Bhaktapur is the smallest city of Nepal as well as the most densely populated. Along with Kathmandu and Lalitpur,Bhaktapur is one of the three main cities of the Kathmandu Valley and is a major Newar settlement of the country. The city is also known for its Newar tradition,cuisine and artisans. Bhaktapur suffered heavy damage in the April 2015 earthquake.
Jayasthiti Malla,also spelled Jayasthitimalla,was the eleventh Malla king of Nepal. His absolute rule over the valley began after deposing Jayarjunadeva in 1382 until his death in 1395.
The Malla dynasty also known as the Malla confederacy,was the ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal from 1201 to 1779. This dynasty was founded by Arideva Malla. Though the latter Mallas were regarded as belonging to the Raghuvamsha dynasty,they were also seen as continuations and descendants of the Licchavi dynasty. Later Malla kings also traced one section of their lineage from Nanyadeva,the founder of the Karnat dynasty of Mithila. The term malla means wrestler in Sanskrit. The first use of the word malla in the Kathmandu Valley began in 1201.
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Harisimhadeva was a King of the Karnat dynasty who ruled the Mithila region of modern-day parts of North Bihar in India and South Nepal.
The Karnats of Mithila or Karnata dynasty was a dynasty established in 1097 CE by Nanyadeva. The dynasty controlled the areas we today know as Tirhut or Mithila in the state of Bihar,India and adjoining parts of South Eastern Nepal. The main power centre of the Karnats was the citadel of Simraungadh which was situated on the Bihar-Nepal border. The city of Darbhanga also became the second capital during the reign of Gangadeva.
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The Kingdom of Bhaktapur,also known as Bhadgaon,was a kingdom ruled by the Malla dynasty of Nepal from 15th century until its annexation in the 18th century. It was established in 1482 after King Yaksha Malla died and his sons divided the valley into four kingdoms:Bhaktapur,Kantipur,Patan,and Banepa. Banepa,however,was soon annexed by or submitted itself to Bhaktapur.
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Jayabhimadeva was the fourth king of Nepal after Arideva Malla,in which period the Malla dynasty was prominent. He succeeded Jayadeva Malla and reigned from 1258 to 1271.
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