This page is based on this
Wikipedia article Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the increase in the 20th-century's agricultural productivity. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans and/or animals; some become concentrated as they spread along the food chain.
Pyrethrum was a genus of several Old World plants now classified as Chrysanthemum or Tanacetum which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy flower heads. Pyrethrum continues to be used as a common name for plants formerly included in the genus Pyrethrum. Pyrethrum is also the name of a natural insecticide made from the dried flower heads of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and Chrysanthemum coccineum.
Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. A pale yellow or pale red liquid, insoluble in water; used as an agricultural insecticide on rice and cotton and moderately toxic for humans.
Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is a mixture of four optical isomers which have different insecticidal activities. The 2-S alpha configuration, known as esfenvalerate, is the most insecticidally active isomer. Fenvalerate consists of about 23% of this isomer.
Carbaryl is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide. It is a white crystalline solid commonly sold under the brand name Sevin, a trademark of the Bayer Company. Union Carbide discovered carbaryl and introduced it commercially in 1958. Bayer purchased Aventis CropScience in 2002, a company that included Union Carbide pesticide operations. It remains the third-most-used insecticide in the United States for home gardens, commercial agriculture, and forestry and rangeland protection. About 11 million kilograms were applied to U.S. farm crops in 1976. As a veterinary drug, it is known as carbaril (INN).
Isoxathion is a molecular chemical with the molecular formula C13H16NO4PS. It is an insecticide, specifically an isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticide.
A mosquito net is a type of meshed curtain that is circumferentially draped over a bed or a sleeping area, to offer the sleeper barrier protection against bites and stings from mosquitos, flies, and other pest insects, and thus against the diseases they may carry. Examples of such preventable insect-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus and various forms of encephalitis, including the West Nile virus.
Tetramethrin is a potent synthetic insecticide in the pyrethroid family. It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 65-80 °C. The commercial product is a mixture of stereoisomers.
Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide. It is sold as "DeltaGard" in Canada.
Tralomethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide.
Cyhalothrin is an organic compound that is used as a pesticide. It is a pyrethroid, a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the structure and insecticidal properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrin which comes from the flowers of chrysanthemums. Pyrethroids such as cyhalothrin are often preferred as an active ingredient in insecticides because they remain effective for longer periods of time than pyrethrin. It is a colorless solid, although samples can appear beige, with a mild odor. It has a low water solubility and is nonvolatile. It is used to control insects in cotton crops.
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine pesticide developed by DuPont that acts against lepidopteran larvae. It is marketed under the names Indoxacarb Technical Insecticide, Steward Insecticide and Avaunt Insecticide. It is also used as the active ingredient in Syngenta line of commercial pesticides: Advion and Arilon.
In enzymology, a cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Cobalt chelatase (EC 6.6.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Cyphenothrin (Gokilaht) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is effective against cockroaches that have developed resistance to organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides.
Ryanoids are a class of insecticides which share the same mechanism of action as the alkaloid ryanodine. Ryanodine is a naturally occurring insecticide isolated from Ryania speciosa.
Cobyrinate a,c-diamide synthase (EC 6.3.5.11, cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthetase, CbiA (gene)) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Cyantraniliprole is an insecticide of the ryanoid class. It is approved for use in the United States, Canada, China, and India. Because of its uncommon mechanism of action as a ryanoid, it has activity against pests such as Diaphorina citri that have developed resistance to other classes of insecticides. Cyantraniliprole is highly toxic to bees, which resulted in registration of its use as a pesticide being delayed in the USA.
