The breaking wheel or execution wheel, also known as the Wheel of Catherine or simply the Wheel, was a torture method used for public execution primarily in Europe from antiquity through the Middle Ages into the early modern period by breaking the bones of a criminal or bludgeoning them to death. The practice was abolished in Bavaria in 1813 and in the Electorate of Hesse in 1836: the last known execution by the "Wheel" took place in Prussia in 1841. In the Holy Roman Empire it was a "mirror punishment" for highwaymen and street thieves, and was set out in the Sachsenspiegel for murder, and arson that resulted in fatalities.
Martijn Spierenburg is a composer and arranger. He is also keyboard player for the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation. In 2018, it was announced that he would be the composer for the musical "Nieuw Amsterdam", which describes the role of the Dutch during the emergence of the city of New York, back in the Golden Age. This piece will be the successor to the successful Dutch piece "Soldaat van Oranje".
The Silent Force Tour is the second live album by Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation, released on November 18, 2005. In addition to the standard double DVD release, the deluxe edition includes a bonus CD. The album was re-released digitally on 14 May 2021.
The Collected Writings of T. Subba Row were published in two volumes by Henk J. Spierenburg.
Giuseppe Petrilli was an Italian professor and European Commissioner.
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.
The Monnet Authority was the first High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), between 1952 and 1955. Its president was Jean Monnet of France.
The Mayer Authority was the second High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), between 1955 and 1958. Its president was René Mayer of France.
The Finet Authority was the third High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), between 1958 and 1959. Its president was Paul Finet of Belgium.
The Malvestiti Authority was the fourth High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), between 1959 and 1963. Its president was Piero Malvestiti of Italy.
The Del Bo Authority was the last High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), between 1963 and 1967. Its president was Rinaldo Del Bo of Italy. Del Bo was briefly followed by Albert Coppé's interim Authority.
Paul Finet was a Belgian politician and former General Secretary of FGTB. He served in the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community from 1952 on, chairing it in 1958. From 1958 to 1959, he then headed the Finet Authority.
The regions, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England, established in 1994. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within government. While they no longer fulfil this role, they continue to be used for statistical and some administrative purposes. While the UK was a member of the European Union, they defined areas (constituencies) for the purposes of elections to the European Parliament. Eurostat also used them to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions within the European Union, which in 2021 were superseded by International Territorial Level (ITL) regions. The regions generally follow the boundaries of the former standard regions, established in the 1940s for statistical purposes.
An Acoustic Night at the Theatre is the fourth live album by Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation that has been released in October–November 2009.
Anthony Crawford was an African American man who was killed by a lynch mob in Abbeville, South Carolina on October 21, 1916.
The East End Dwellings Company was a Victorian philanthropic model dwellings company, operating in the East End of London in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The company was founded in principle in 1882 by, among others, Samuel Augustus Barnett, vicar of St Jude's Church, Whitechapel; it was finally incorporated in 1884.
Eric A. Johnson is an American historian, social scientist, and professor of history at Central Michigan University. Dr. Johnson specializes in the history of crime and violence, the Holocaust, and the history of modern Germany.
Anna Smitshuizen, was a Dutch prostitute and the victim of a cause célèbre murder. She was murdered by her former fiancé, the doctor and former ship's surgeon Johannes van Goch, who could not accept that she had terminated their engagement. The case became a subject of public debate and was frequently mentioned in literature as a moral example.
Barendina (Dina) Gerarda Spierenburg was a plant pathologist from the Netherlands, particularly known for her work on Dutch elm disease.
This page is based on this
Wikipedia article Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
