Diterpene alkaloids

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Garrya veatchii P20121219-0065--Garrya veatchii--RPBG (11230389595).jpg
Garrya veatchii
Aconitum napellus Blauer Eisenhut Dolomiten.jpg
Aconitum napellus

Diterpene alkaloids are natural products of the terpene alkaloid type. [1]

Contents

Occurrence

Veatchine is found in the bark of Garrya veatchii , a member of the Cup Catkins family. [2] Aconitine is the main alkaloid in aconite. [3]

Structure

Diterpene alkaloids can be divided into two groups: The diterpene alkaloids, characterized by a C20 parent body, and the norditerpene alkaloids, which are based on a hexacyclic C19 parent body. [1]

Representatives

Diterpene group

Among the C20 alkaloids is the atisine-type (atisine, hetidine, hetisine) and the veatchine-type (Veatchin, Napellin). [1]

Northern iterpene group

The C19 alkaloids include, among others, the aconitine type (aconitine, delphinine) and the lycoctonine type (Lycoctonin, Browniin). [1]

Properties

Aconitine has cardiac arrhythmic and antipyretic properties and is one of the most toxic plant compounds. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aconitine</span> Toxic plant alkaloid

Aconitine is an alkaloid toxin produced by various plant species belonging to the genus Aconitum, known also commonly by the names wolfsbane and monkshood. Monkshood is notorious for its toxic properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toxiferine</span> Chemical compound

Toxiferine is a curare toxin. It is a bisindole alkaloid derived from Strychnos toxifera and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. This alkaloid is the main toxic component of Calabash curare, and one of the most toxic plant alkaloids known. The lethal dose (LD50) for mice has been determined as 10 - 60 µg/kg by intravenous administration. It is a muscle relaxant that causes paralysis of skeletal muscle, which takes approximately 2 hours to recovery for a moderate dose, and 8 hours of total paralysis with a 20-fold paralytic dose. The paralysis can be antagonized by neostigmine

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steroidal alkaloid</span> Class of chemical compounds

Steroidal alkaloids have the basic steroidal skeleton with nitrogen-based functional groups attached to the skeleton. More specifically, they are distinguished by their tetracyclic cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene skeleton that marks their close relationship with sterols. They fall in two major categories: Solanum alkaloids and Veratrum alkaloids. A Steroidal alkaloid has also been found in Chonemorpha fragrans, 'chonemorphine' was used to treat intestinal infections in Wistar rats..

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delsoline</span> Naturally occurring chemical compound

Delsoline and delcosine are two closely related naturally occurring diterpene alkaloids first isolated from Delphinium consolida. They occur widely in the Ranunculaceae plant family. The polycyclic ring system containing nineteen carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom in these compounds is the same as in aconitine and this is reflected in their preferred IUPAC name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karel Wiesner</span> Canadian chemist

Karel František Wiesner was a Canadian chemist of Czech origin known for his contributions to the chemistry of natural products, notably aconitum alkaloids and digitalis glycosides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piperidine alkaloids</span>

Piperidine alkaloids are naturally occurring chemical compounds from the group of alkaloids, which are chemically derived from piperidine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quinolizidine alkaloids</span>

Quinolizidine alkaloids are natural products that have a quinolizidine structure; this includes the lupine alkaloids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quinoline alkaloids</span>

Quinoline alkaloids are naturally occurring chemical compounds from the group of alkaloids, which are chemically derived from quinoline. Some quinoline alkaloids show antiseptic, convulsive or antineoplastic effects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbazole alkaloids</span>

The carbazole alkaloids are natural products of the indole alkaloid type, derived from carbazole.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conium alkaloids</span>

Conium alkaloids are natural products of the piperidine alkaloid type.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids</span>

The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are natural products that can be classified as isoquinoline alkaloids and are derived from benzylisoquinoline. They also include the benzyl(tetrahydro)isoquinoline alkaloids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids</span>

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are natural products found primarily in the plant families of the barberry family, the Menispermaceae, the Monimiaceae, and the buttercup family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cephalotaxus alkaloids</span>

Cephalotaxus alkaloids are natural products characterized by pentacyclic structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indolizidine alkaloids</span>

Indolizidine alkaloids are natural products from various alkaloid groups whose structure can be derived from indolizidine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imidazole alkaloids</span>

Imidazole alkaloids are a group of alkaloidss whose basic structure contains the imidazole ring system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corydalis Alkaloids</span>

Corydalis Alkaloids are categorized as natural products of the isoquinoline alkaloid type.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dendrobium alkaloids</span>

Dendrobium alkaloids are natural products and so-called pseudoalkaloids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyrrolidine alkaloids</span>

The pyrrolidine alkaloids are natural products chemically derived from pyrrolidine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Areca alkaloids</span>

Areca alkaloids are a group of piperidine alkaloids found in the areca nut, the seeds of the areca palm.

Apocynaceae alkaloids are natural products found in the plant family of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae).

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Entry on Diterpen-Alkaloide . at: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, retrieved {{{Datum}}}.
  2. 1 2 Eberhard Breitmaier (1997), Alkaloide, Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien, pp. 83f., ISBN   9783519035428
  3. Rudolf Hänsel, Otto Sticher (2007), Pharmakognosie Phytopharmazie (8 ed.), Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, p. 1466, ISBN   9783540265085