The Time of Troubles,or Smuta,was a period of political crisis in the Tsardom of Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I,the last of the Rurik dynasty,and ended in 1613 with the accession of Michael I of the House of Romanov.
Dmitry Mikhaylovich Pozharsky was a Russian prince known for his military leadership during the Polish–Muscovite War from 1611 to 1612. Pozharsky formed the Second Volunteer Army with Kuzma Minin in Nizhny Novgorod against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's occupation of Russia during the Time of Troubles,resulting in Polish withdrawal after Russian victory at the Battle of Moscow in 1612. Pozharsky received the unprecedented title of Saviour of the Fatherland from Mikhail I of Russia,becoming a folk hero in Russian culture and honored in the Monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow's Red Square.
Aleksander Korwin Gosiewskide armis Ślepowron,was a Polish nobleman,military commander and diplomat,Lithuanian Field-Quartermaster since 1630,Palatine-Governor of Smolensk from 1625,Lithuanian Great-Quartermaster since 1615,Speaker of the Parliament in 1613,Great-Secretary of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1610 and District-Governor of Wieliż,Puńsk,Kupise,Biel,and Markowa.
False Dmitry II,historically known as Pseudo-Demetrius II and also called tushinsky vor,was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne who claimed to be Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich,the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible,during the Time of Troubles. The real Dmitry had died under uncertain circumstances,most likely an assassination in 1591 at the age of nine at his widowed mother's appanage residence in Uglich.
The Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618,also known as the Polish–Russian War or the Dimitriads,was a conflict fought between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth together with Zaporozhian Cossacks from 1605 to 1618.
Prokopy Petrovich Lyapunov was a prominent 17th century Russian nobleman (dvoryanin),voivode of,allegedly,a Rurikid origin who practically became a head of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky lands nobility in the end of 1590s;he took part in wars during power vacuum in succession crisis that happened in early 1598 in Tsardom as result of confusion about legitimate heir apparent following death of Feodor I,nobility infighting,war declared by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (PLC) in 1605,and exhaustive Tatar raids;most famously he is remembered for organizing and leading the first unsuccessful uprising against occupation of Moscow of 1610 by PLC in April of 1611.
The House of Trubetskoy,is a Russian gentry family of Ruthenian stock and Lithuanian origin,like many other princely houses of Grand Duchy of Lithuania,later prominent in Russian history,science,and arts. They are descended from Algirdas's son Demetrius I Starshy. They used the PogońLitewska coat of arms and the Trubetsky coat of arms.
Kuzma Minin,full name Kuzma Minich Zakhariev-Sukhoruky,was a Russian merchant who,together with Prince Dmitry Pozharsky,organized a people's militia in Nizhny Novgorod to oust the Poles from Moscow in 1612. As a result,they became national heroes for their role in defending the country.
Unity Day,also called the Day of People's Unity or National Unity Day,is a national holiday in Russia held on 4 November [O.S. 22 October]. It commemorates the popular uprising which expelled Polish–Lithuanian occupation forces from Moscow by a militia from Nizhny Novgorod in November 1612,and more generally the end of the Time of Troubles and turning point of the Polish-Russian War (1605–1618).
The Seven Boyars were a group of Russian nobles who deposed Tsar Vasily Shuisky on 17 July 1610 and,later that year,invited the Poles into Moscow.
Prince Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky was a Russian boyar,voivode of Novgorod,and viceroy of Ryazan of Lithuanian Gediminid origin.
Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev was a Russian statesman in Tsar Mikhail's times,head of government in 1613–18 and 1642–46.
Michael I was Tsar of all Russia from 1613 until his death in 1645. He was elected by the Zemsky Sobor and was the first tsar of the House of Romanov,which succeeded the House of Rurik.
The Battle of Moscow was a series of two battles,which took place in Moscow,on September 1 and 3,1612,during the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18),and Time of Troubles. Forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were commanded by Field Hetman of Lithuania,Jan Karol Chodkiewicz,while the Russians were led by Dmitry Pozharsky. The battles ended in tactical Russian victories.
The Story of the Victories of the Moscow State,also known as The Tale of the Victories of the Moscow State,is a Russian literary work of the 17th century,a historical tale of the events of the Time of Troubles,mainly about the campaigns of the Smolensk noble militia and the struggle of the Smolensk nobles with Poles and supporters of False Dmitry.
The Zemsky Sobor of 1613 was a meeting of representatives of the Estates of the realm of the Tsardom of Russia,held for the election of Tsar after the expulsion of the Polish-Lithuanian Occupiers at the end of the Time of Troubles. It was opened on 16 January 1613 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. On 3 March 1613,the Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov as Tsar,establishing the House of Romanov as the new Russian monarchs. The coronation of Michael I is widely considered to be the end of the time of troubles.
Prince Fedor Ivanovich Mstislavsky was a Russian boyar,one of the leaders of the Duma aristocracy,leader of the Seven Boyars and the Chairman of Zemsky Sobor of 1613.
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth occupation of Moscow took place between 1610 and 1612 during the Polish–Russian War,when the Kremlin was occupied by a Polish-Lithuanian garrison under the command of Stanisław Żółkiewski and assisted by Russian boyars led by Mikhail Saltykov. The occupation coincided with Russia's Time of Troubles.
The Moscow Uprising of 1611 was an armed uprising of the inhabitants of Moscow on March 19–20,1611 against the troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,who had occupied the city since the fall of 1610.
The Monument to Minin and Pozharsky is a copy of the monument erected on Red Square in Moscow. The monument is located in the historic centre of Nizhny Novgorod on National Unity Square,under the walls of the Kremlin,near the Church of St. John the Baptist.
