Industry | Legal information |
---|---|
Founded | 2016 in Paris |
Founder | Nicolas Bustamante, Antoine Dusséaux, and River Champeimont |
Headquarters | , |
Area served | France, Italy |
Website | www |
Doctrine (also known as Doctrine.fr) is a legal search engine created, in 2016, to improve access to legal information by assembling a repository of jurisprudence. The French startup uses artificial intelligence to centralise legal information and make it accessible to legal professionals.
Doctrine was created in June 2016 by Nicolas Bustamante, Antoine Dusséaux, and River Champeimont. [1] [2] [3]
In 2020, Doctrine launched the "Document Analyzer" feature, which detects and enriches legal sources in documents. [4]
In April 2023, the company announced that it would be acquired by the investment funds Summit Partners and Peugeot Invest for more than €100 million. [5] [3] [6]
In December 2023, Doctrine announced its acquisition of Jobexit, marking the company's first acquisition. [7]
In 2024, Doctrine expanded into Italy. [8] That same year, it received coaching from the CNIL on GDPR and signed a partnership agreement with the Paris Bar. [9] [10] [11]
The search engine relies on algorithms and artificial intelligence [12] [13] and is commercialised on a subscription-based model. [14] [15]
Doctrine has been involved in several disputes. Firstly, its competitors LexisNexis, Dalloz, Wolters Kulwer France, Lexbase and Lextenso accused the start-up of unfair competition. In February 2023, after five years of proceedings since 2018, the Paris Commercial Court ruled in favour of Doctrine on the merits, rejecting the publishers' claims and ordering them to pay 50,000 euros in damages for abusive proceedings (the legal publishers have appealed, and the proceedings are ongoing). [16] [17] Doctrine was also accused of typosquatting, a charge that was dismissed in 2022. [18] [11] Finally, the start-up has announced that it will be taking its case to the European Court of Human Rights to gain access to all the decisions of the Paris Court of First Instance. [19]
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