Doddington (East Indiaman)

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History
Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg Great Britain
OwnerJohn Hallett [1]
OperatorBritish East India Company
BuilderWells, Deptford [1]
Launched19 March 1748 [2]
FateWrecked, 17 July 1755 in Algoa Bay
General characteristics
Type East Indiaman
Tons burthen499, [lower-alpha 1] or 550, [2] or 600, [1] (bm)
PropulsionSail
Armament26 guns

Doddington was an East Indiaman of the British East India Company (EIC). She made two trips for the EIC to Bombay, China, and Mokha. On her third trip she was sailing to India to remain there when she was wrecked on 17 July 1755 at Bird Island in Algoa Bay, near present-day Port Elizabeth. [3] [4] The ship was carrying a hoard of gold belonging to Clive of India, which modern treasure hunters looted. The controversy over these depredations resulted in changes to international maritime treaties to better protect underwater cultural heritage.

Contents

Successful voyages

First voyage (1748–49)

Captain Benjamin Mason left the Downs on 8 June 1748, bound for Bombay and China. Doddington reached the Cape on 15 September, Cochin on 5 February 1749, and Tellicherry on 20 February, and arrived at Bombay on 28 March. She was again at Tellicherry on 1 May. From there she reached Kedah on 10 June and Malacca on 11 July, and arrived at Whampoa on 9 August. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar (about 20 miles before Whampoa), on 4 December, reached Saint Helena on 3 March 1750, and arrived at Long Reach on 21 May. [1]

Second voyage (1752–54)

Captain Norton Hutchinson left the Downs on 20 March 1752, bound for Bombay and Mokha. Doddington reached Lisbon on 10 April and St Augustine's Bay on 3 August. She arrived at Bombay on 9 October. She then spent the period 22 October to 13 November cruising, before again arriving at Bombay on 14 November. She sailed to Surat, which she reached on 26 December, and arrived at "Scindy Road" on 9 January 1753, before returning to Surat on 19 February. [lower-alpha 2] On 26 February she arrived at Bombay again. She reached Mangalore on 11 March and Tellicherry on 17 March, and arrived at Mokha on 16 April. By 16 September she was back at Bombay. From there she reached the Cape on 14 February 1754 and St Helena on 17 March, and arrived at Gravesend on 31 May. [1]

Wrecking

Doddington sailed from Dover on 22 April 1755 bound to Fort St George in India under the command of Captain James Sampson. She was to stay in India. [1] Doddington sailed in the company of Stretham (carrying Clive of India), Pelham, Edgecote, and Houghton. The ships were separated en route to Porto Praya, but re-united again at the port where they all stopped to take on provisions. On 27 May 1755, the three ships departed the Cape Verde islands together, but once again separated after Sampson took a more southerly route than the other ships. After seven weeks, Doddington rounded the Cape of Good Hope. After sailing eastwards for a day, she was on a heading of East-North-East, when at 1 am she struck a rock in Algoa Bay.

South Africa Eastern Cape relief location map.svg
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Doddington wreck site
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Port Elizabeth
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Eastern Cape, South Africa

Of the original crew and passengers of 270, only 23 initially survived while the other 247 passengers and crew died with the ship. The castaways subsisted for seven months on fish, birds, and eggs on a nearby island, which they named Bird Island. [lower-alpha 3] One of their number, a carpenter, was able to help them build a sloop, the Happy Deliverance, on which they were finally able to get off the island on 16 February 1756. [3] [5] The sloop was seaworthy enough to take the survivors on an eventful journey up the east coast of Africa via St Lucia and Delagoa Bay, [3] [6] where the survivors sold her before travelling on to India. Captain Norton Hutchinson, now captain of the East Indiaman Carnarvon, took them on board and carried them to Madras. [7]

Salvage

Doddington was carrying a consignment of gold and silver, known as "Clive of India's Gold", which was controversially looted in recent times by Port Elizabeth treasure hunters. [8] [9] A third of the 1,200 gold coins were eventually returned to South Africa after a four-year legal wrangle in London. The high-profile court case highlighted various shortcomings in both South African and international maritime law. [10] The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation monitored the case closely, as it set an important precedent for the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage that it subsequently published. [11]

Cultural ripple

In September 1867, at the Theatre Royal, The Dramatic Club of Port Elizabeth staged a locally written play "Treasure at Woody Cape", dealing with the legend of the Doddington's treasure. [12]

Notes

  1. ↑ It was standard practice for some time for the EIC to declare a burthen of 499 tons. By doing so the company avoided the expense of paying for a chaplain as required by law for vessels of 500 tons or over.
  2. ↑ Scindy Road is probably the roadstead of Sindh, i.e., the waters off Karachi.
  3. ↑ The island group had previously been named Inhéus Châos (low or flat islands) by Vasco da Gama.

Related Research Articles

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Neptune was a three-decker East Indiaman launched in 1780 at Deptford. She made five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), the last one transporting convicts to Port Jackson as one of the vessels of the notorious Second Fleet. This voyage resulted in a private suit against the master and chief officer for wrongful death. A fire and explosion in 1796 at Cape Town destroyed Neptune.

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<i>Princess Charlotte</i> (1796 EIC ship)

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<i>Rockingham</i> (1785 EIC ship)

Rockingham was launched as an East Indiaman in 1785. She made seven voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1786 and 1802 before she was sold for breaking up.

Ponsborne was launched in 1779 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She made six voyages for the EIC before she was wrecked in 1796 at Grenada after having landed troops there.

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Lord Camden was launched in 1783 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company. She made five voyages for the EIC before her owner sold her.

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<i>Essex</i> (1780 EIC ship)

Essex was launched in 1780 as an East Indiaman. She made six voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). On her first voyage she was present at an inconclusive battle with the French, and later at a second inconclusive engagement with a French frigate. In 1798 she was sold to be hulked or broken up.

<i>Travers</i> (1800 ship)

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Worcester was launched in 1785 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She made eight voyages to India and China for the EIC and participated as a transport in two naval expeditions before she was sold in 1809 for breaking up.

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Carmarthen was launched in 1802 as an East Indiaman. She made eight round voyages as an "extra" ship for the British East India Company (EIC). On her first voyage she participated in an experiment in bringing variolation to India and other British possessions to combat smallpox. After leaving the EIC's employment, she took one more voyage to India, sailing under a licence from the EIC. She was last listed in 1820.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 British Library: Doddington.
  2. 1 2 Hackman (2001), p. 90.
  3. 1 2 3 Bannister, Saxe (1830). Humane Policy, Or, Justice to the Aborigines of New Settlements. T. & G. Underwood. p. xxxiii.
  4. ↑ Mr Webb (1758). A Journal of the Proceedings of the Doddington East Indiaman.
  5. ↑ Redding, Cyrus (1833). "Chapter V". A History of Shipwrecks, and Disasters at Sea, from the Most Authentic Sources. Whittaker, Treacher & Co.
  6. ↑ Kennedy, Reginald Frank (1955). Shipwrecks on and Off the Coasts of Southern Africa: A Catalogue and Index. Johannesburg Public Library.
  7. ↑ Purdy (1816), p. 80.
  8. ↑ Geoffrey and David Allen (1978). Clive's Lost Treasure. Robin Garton. ISBN   0-906030-07-2.
  9. ↑ Shaw, John (28 August 2000). "Clive of India's gold comes up for sale after legal settlement". The Independent .
  10. ↑ Hoffman, Barbara T. (2006). "Chapter 42". Art and Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Doddington Coins. Cambridge University Press. p. 313. ISBN   0-521-85764-3.
  11. ↑ Macgregor, Karen (18 February 2001). "Stolen gold back in South Africa". The Independent .[ dead link ]
  12. ↑ "The History". Port Elizabeth Opera House. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

Further reading

Coordinates: 33°50.06′S26°17.40′E / 33.83433°S 26.29000°E / -33.83433; 26.29000 (Dodington)

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