Doris Howell | |
|---|---|
 Howell in 2013 | |
| Born | 1923 |
| Died | November 23, 2019 (aged 95–96) |
| Alma mater | Medical College of Pennsylvania Duke University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Park University McGill University |
Doris Howell was an American physician who specialized in pediatric oncology. She became known as the "mother of hospice," for her pioneering work in palliative care.
Howell was born in Brooklyn, New York. [1] She was born prematurely, and was placed in a "shoebox, in my Institutions Medical College of Pennsylvania Duke University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School grandmother's home on the top shelf of the old kitchen stove,". Her father died when she was two years old. [2] [3] Her step father was from Hungary. She grew up in Baldwin, New York. As a young child, she was treated for mastoiditis, and decided that she wanted to become a nurse. [1] She was an undergraduate at Park University. [4] She moved to McGill University for her graduate studies, where she studied medicine. She originally thought that she would train in psychiatry, but changed her mind after a bad experience on a ward. She moved to Children's Memorial Hospital to complete an internship in pediatric medicine. [5] In 1951, she joined Duke University School of Medicine as an assistant resident in pediatrics. [1] Howell was a research fellow in oncology at Harvard Medical School, where she was based in the laboratory of Louis Diamond. At the time, the pathologist was Sidney Farber, who was leading research into the leukemia drugs methotrexate and amethopterin. [1]
In 1955, Howell joined the faculty at the Duke University School of Medicine. She worked with pediatric cancer patients, and was hired as a pediatric oncologist. [1] She developed a division in pediatric haematology-oncology. [1] At Duke, Howell was celebrated for her teaching, receiving the Distinguished Award for Teaching twice. [1] Her first research fellow, Philip Lanzkowsky, went on to become Chair of Pediatric Medicine at Stony Brook University Hospital.
After a phone call from Marian Fay, then President of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Howell was offered a position as Head of Pediatrics. She moved to the Medical College of Pennsylvania (now Drexel University College of Medicine) in 1970. That year she was named the Distinguished Alumni of the year, the first woman to be so named. [4]
Howell eventually moved to the Association of American Medical Colleges, where she spent a year before getting a call from the chair in Pediatrics at University of California, San Diego. He encouraged her to move to San Diego and take up the role of Associate Head of department. [6] She ran the Department of Community and Family Medicine. The department was going through a high rate of staff turnover, and whilst Howell had originally intended to stay for only a year, she ended up staying for five.[ citation needed ]
Howell was passionate about identifying new ways to support people who were dying and their families. [7] She was critical in the development of The San Diego Hospice and Palliative Care Center, which she founded in 1976. She became known as the "Mother of Hospice". [8] She created training programs for medical students, nurses, physicians and fellows. She was named Director Emerita in 1989. [4] In 1995, the Soroptimist International of La Jolla established the Doris A. Howell Foundation for Women's Health Research. [8] The UC San Diego Health Palliative Care Teams are named in her honor. [9] [10]
Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. In the United Kingdom, paediatrics covers many of their youth until the age of 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people seek pediatric care through the age of 21, but some pediatric subspecialists continue to care for adults up to 25. Worldwide age limits of pediatrics have been trending upward year after year. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean "healer of children," derived from the two Greek words: παῖς and ἰατρός. Pediatricians work in clinics, research centers, universities, general hospitals and children's hospitals, including those who practice pediatric subspecialties.
Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimizing quality of life and mitigating suffering among people with serious, complex, and often terminal illnesses. Within the published literature, many definitions of palliative care exist. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes palliative care as "an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual." In the past, palliative care was a disease specific approach, but today the WHO takes a broader approach that suggests that the principles of palliative care should be applied as early as possible to any chronic and ultimately fatal illness.
The University of California San Diego School of Medicine is the graduate medical school of the University of California, San Diego. It was the third medical school in the University of California system, after those established at UCSF and UCLA, and is the only medical school in the San Diego metropolitan area. It is closely affiliated with the medical centers that are part of UC San Diego Health.
A fellowship is the period of medical training, in the United States and Canada, that a physician, dentist, or veterinarian may undertake after completing a specialty training program (residency). During this time, the physician is known as a fellow. Fellows are capable of acting as an attending physician or a consultant physician in the specialist field in which they were trained, such as internal medicine or pediatrics. After completing a fellowship in the relevant sub-specialty, the physician is permitted to practice without direct supervision by other physicians in that sub-specialty, such as cardiology or oncology.
Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System(SRHS) is one of South Carolina's largest healthcare systems. SRHS draws patients primarily from the areas of Spartanburg, Cherokee, Union, and Greenville counties, located in the Piedmont region of South Carolina, and Rutherford and Polk counties, located in western North Carolina. Spartanburg General Hospital was organized under the authority of the South Carolina General Assembly in 1917 and officially became the Spartanburg Regional Health Services District, Inc., a political subdivision of the State of South Carolina, by the charter granted by the secretary of state of South Carolina on May 1, 1995.
A pediatric intensive care unit, usually abbreviated to PICU, is an area within a hospital specializing in the care of critically ill infants, children, teenagers, and young adults aged 0-21. A PICU is typically directed by one or more pediatric intensivists or PICU consultants and staffed by doctors, nurses, and respiratory therapists who are specially trained and experienced in pediatric intensive care. The unit may also have nurse practitioners, physician assistants, physiotherapists, social workers, child life specialists, and clerks on staff, although this varies widely depending on geographic location. The ratio of professionals to patients is generally higher than in other areas of the hospital, reflecting the acuity of PICU patients and the risk of life-threatening complications. Complex technology and equipment is often in use, particularly mechanical ventilators and patient monitoring systems. Consequently, PICUs have a larger operating budget than many other departments within the hospital.
Hospice care is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life by reducing pain and suffering. Hospice care provides an alternative to therapies focused on life-prolonging measures that may be arduous, likely to cause more symptoms, or are not aligned with a person's goals.
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In 2006, hospice and palliative medicine was officially recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties, and is co-sponsored by the American Boards of
Anne Merriman, MBE, MCommH, FRCPI, FRCP is a British doctor, known for her pioneering work and influential research into palliative care in developing countries in Africa. She has campaigned to make affordable oral morphine widely available.
King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSHD) is a hospital in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia.
The American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) was founded in 1933. It is one of the 24 certifying boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). The ABP is an independent and nonprofit organization. The ABP's mission is to advance child health by certifying pediatricians who meet standards of excellence and are committed to continuous learning and improvement.
Natalia Tanner was an American physician. She was the first female African-American fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. She is known for her activism promoting women and people of color in medicine and fighting health inequality in the United States.
The UC San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest is one of two medical centers of UC San Diego Health and is a teaching hospital for the University of California San Diego School of Medicine.
The Children's Hospital at Montefiore (CHAM) is a nationally ranked pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in the Bronx, New York. The hospital has 193 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The hospital is a member of the Montefiore health network and is the only children's hospital in the network. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout the Bronx and New York state. Children's Hospital at Montefiore also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. While CHAM does have a pediatric emergency department, they do not have a pediatric trauma center and sends all pediatric trauma cases to the nearby Jacobi Medical Center's level II pediatric trauma center. The Children's Hospital at Montefiore is one of the largest providers of pediatric health services in New York state. The hospital is attached to Montefiore Medical Center and is affiliated with the Ronald McDonald House of New York.
Colleen A. Kraft is an American pediatrician specialized in community pediatrics, child advocacy, and healthcare financing.
Rhea W. Boyd is an American pediatrician and child and community health advocate. Boyd is a popular science communicator, making use of social media to amplify a diverse range of voices in an effort to improve the heath of communities of colour.
Elena Fuentes-Afflick is an American pediatrician who is Chief of Pediatrics at the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Vice Dean for Academic Affairs in the School of Medicine at University of California, San Francisco. She is the former President of the Society for Pediatric Research and the American Pediatric Society. In 2010 she was elected a to the National Academy of Medicine.
Tara Olive Henderson is an American pediatric oncologist. As the Arthur and Marian Edelstein Professor in the Department of Pediatrics, she is also the Director of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Center, Director of Survivorship at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, and chief of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at the University of Chicago.
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