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The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the judicial system of Canada. It comprises nine justices, whose decisions are the ultimate application of Canadian law and grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial, territorial and federal appellate courts. The Supreme Court is bijural, hearing cases from two major legal traditions and bilingual, hearing cases in both official languages of Canada.
The Protection of Children Act 1978 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that criminalized indecent photographs of children. The Act applies in England and Wales. Similar provision for Scotland is contained in the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 and for Northern Ireland in the Protection of Children Order 1978.
The Courts of Ireland consist of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Circuit Court, the District Court and the Special Criminal Court. With the exception of the Special Criminal Court, all courts exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction, although when the High Court is exercising its criminal jurisdiction it is known as the Central Criminal Court.
Same-sex marriage in Manitoba has been legal since September 16, 2004. In the case of Vogel v. Canada, Justice Douglas Yard of the Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench ruled that the policy of the Government of Manitoba was unconstitutional, and ordered the province to begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples. This decision followed a suit brought by three couples in Manitoba who were denied marriage licences. Both the provincial and federal governments had made it known that they would not oppose the court bid.
Victor Toews is a Canadian-Paraguayan politician and jurist. Toews is a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba. He represented Provencher in the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 until his resignation on July 9, 2013, and served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, most recently as Minister of Public Safety. He previously served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1995 to 1999, and was a senior cabinet minister in the government of Gary Filmon. Prior to his appointment to the judiciary, Toews was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.
The Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba is the superior court of the Canadian province of Manitoba. The court is divided into the Family Division and the General Division.
Douglas N. Abra is a Canadian judge. He was appointed a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba on July 10, 2007. He replaced Alan D. MacInnes, upon his appointment to the Manitoba Court of Appeal.
Michael A. Thomson is a Canadian lawyer. Formerly a partner with the law firm of Tapper Cuddy LLP in Winnipeg, Manitoba, he was appointed as a judge of the Family Division of the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba on June 1, 2007. He replaced Robert Carr, who elected to become a supernumerary judge.
Marianne Rivoalen was appointed a judge of the Family Division of the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba on February 2, 2005. On May 22, 2015, Rivaolen took over as Associate Chief Justice of the Family Division of the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba.
Martin H. Freedman,, was appointed a judge of the Manitoba Court of Appeal on July 16, 2002 and retired from the court in 2012. He replaced Madam Justice Bonnie M. Helper, who resigned.
Shawn Deborah Greenberg was appointed a judge of the Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench on October 30, 2003. She replaced Mr. Justice T.M. Glowacki, who elected to become a supernumerary judge.
Calvin Murray Sinclair is a former member of the Canadian Senate and First Nations lawyer who served as chairman of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 2009 to 2015. He previously served as a judge in Manitoba from 1988 to 2009, being the first Aboriginal judge appointed in the province. Sinclair was appointed to the Senate of Canada on April 2, 2016. In November 2020, he announced his retirement from the Senate effective January 31, 2021.
Frank Aquila, formerly a judge of the Provincial Court of Manitoba, was appointed a judge of the Family Division of the Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench on February 29, 2000. He replaced Mr. Justice Mullally, who chose to become a supernumerary judge.
Laurie Patricia Allen, was appointed a judge of the Family Division of the Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench on October 7, 1998. She replaced Mr. Justice John A. Menzies who was appointed to the court's General Division.
Robin A. Finlayson was appointed to the Provincial Court of Manitoba on February 1, 2006.
Manitoba Justice, or the Department of Justice, is the provincial government department responsible for administering the Crown Law justice systems in the province of Manitoba.
Edwin Charles Kimelman served as a judge of the Provincial Court of Manitoba (Canada) and authored a significant public report on child protection for aboriginal peoples.
Edward N. "Ted" Hughes was a Canadian retired judge. He was best known for overseeing prominent investigations in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia, one of which led to the resignation of Premier Bill Vander Zalm.
George Bernard Francis "Frank" Clarke is an Irish judge who has been the Chief Justice of Ireland since July 2017, having been appointed by President Michael D. Higgins. He has served as a Judge of the Supreme Court since February 2012. He previously served as a Judge of the High Court from 2004 to 2012.
The Sixties Scoop was a period in which a series of policies were enacted in Canada that enabled child welfare authorities to take, or "scoop up," Indigenous children from their families and communities for placement in foster homes, from where they would be adopted by white families. Despite its name referencing the 1960s, the Sixties Scoop began in the mid-to-late 1950s and persisted into the 1980s.
References
- Government of Canada News Release (accessed August 3, 2007)
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