The Dubin inquiry was a Canadian government Commission of Inquiry into the Use of Drugs and Banned Practices Intended to Increase Athletic Performance held in 1989 after the Ben Johnson doping scandal at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. The commission was given to Ontario Court of Appeal Chief Justice Charles Dubin. He released his report in June 1990. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Dubin wrote that doping "threatened the essential integrity of sport and is destructive of its very objectives", [10] when he issued more than 70 recommendations. [6] Dubin concluded that "the failure of many sport governing bodies to treat the problem more seriously and to take more effective means to detect and deter the use of such drugs has contributed in large measure to the extensive use of drugs in athletes." Dubin said that there was a "moral crisis" in sports that required society to examine the values attached to sport. [6]
Minister of Fitness and Amateur Sport Jean Charest was responsible for Canadian sport at the time of the scandal and afterwards. The body named Sport Canada was officially in charge, and "a predictable result from the shift in goal in Sport Canada from its original mandate in 1967 which was directed to mass participation, academic development through a national advisory committee and support for sport governing bodies in a decentralized volunteer system to its 1988 goal which was to win medals through national sport organizations." [11]
Benjamin Sinclair Johnson, is a Canadian former sprinter. During the 1987–88 season he held the title of the world's fastest man, breaking both the 100m and the 60m indoor World Records. He won gold medals in the 100 metres at the 1987 World Championships and 1988 Summer Olympics, before he was disqualified for doping himself with stanozolol, and stripped of his medals.
The United States Anti-Doping Agency is a non-profit, non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization and the national anti-doping organization (NADO) for the United States. To protect clean competition and the integrity of sport, USADA provides education, leads scientific initiatives, conducts testing, and oversees the results management process. Headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USADA is a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code, which harmonizes anti-doping practices around the world and is widely considered the basis for the strongest and strictest anti-doping programs in sports.
In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors. The term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. Furthermore, athletes taking explicit measures to evade detection exacerbate the ethical violation with overt deception and cheating.
Lázaro Betancourt is a retired male triple jumper from Cuba. Best known for his silver medal at the 1985 IAAF World Indoor Championships, he also won the Central American and Caribbean Games twice. In June 1986 he achieved a personal best jump of 17.78 metres, which puts him 14th place in the all-time performers list. In the same year Betancourt was suspended after he failed a drug test.
This article is about the history of competitors at the Olympic Games using banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs.
Furazabol, also known as androfurazanol, is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid which has been marketed in Japan since 1969. It is a 17α-alkylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and is closely related structurally to stanozolol, differing from it only by having a furazan ring system instead of pyrazole. Furazabol has a relatively high ratio of anabolic to androgenic activity. As with other 17α-alkylated AAS, it may have a risk of hepatotoxicity. The drug has been described as an antihyperlipidemic and is claimed to be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, but according to William Llewellyn, such properties of furazabol are a myth.
Molly Killingbeck is a Canadian athlete who competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for Canada, starting in 1984.
Richard William Duncan Pound, better known as Dick Pound, is a Canadian swimming champion, lawyer, and spokesman for ethics in sport. He was the first president of the World Anti-Doping Agency and vice-president of the International Olympic Committee. He is currently the longest-serving member of the IOC.
Zdeňka Bartoňová-Šilhavá is a retired female track and field athlete from the Czech Republic, who set the world record in the women's discus throw on 26 August 1984 with a distance of 74.56 metres (244.6 ft). That mark still is the national record.
Don H. Catlin is an anti-doping scientist and one of the founders of modern drug-testing in sport.
Growth hormones in sports refers to the use of growth hormones for athletic enhancement, as opposed to growth hormone treatment for medical therapy. Human Growth Hormone is a prescription medication in the US, meaning that its distribution and use without a prescription is illegal. There is limited evidence that GH doping improves athletic performance, although the perception that it does is common in the sporting community. Potential side effects of long term GH doping could mirror the symptoms found in sufferers of acromegaly, a disease in which the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone. These symptoms include swelling of the hands and feet, joint pain, fluid retention, and excessive sweating.
Meldonium is a limited-market pharmaceutical, developed in 1970 by Ivars Kalviņš at the USSR Latvia Institute of Organic Synthesis, and now manufactured by the Latvian pharmaceutical company Grindeks and several generic manufacturers. It is primarily distributed in Eastern European countries as an anti-ischemia medication.
Mickey Coll was a Puerto Rican basketball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Doping, or the use of restricted performance-enhancing drugs in the United States occurs in different sports, most notably in the sports of baseball and football.
Australia has been at the forefront in the fight against doping in sport. It was one of the first countries to establish a sports anti-doping agency and is a member of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Australia abides by World Anti-Doping Code. In 2010, Australian John Fahey was re-elected as President of WADA for a second and final three-year term which finished at the end of 2013. Australia like other major countries has been embroiled in major doping in sport controversies and issues.
Tim Bethune is a retired Canadian sprinter. At the 1982 Commonwealth Games, he placed 7th in the 400m and 4th as a member of Canada's 4 × 400 metres relay. He was a member of Canada's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics, which placed 8th.
Andrew Mowatt is a Canadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Mowatt admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs at the Dubin Inquiry in 1989 and subsequently had his funding suspended.
Michael Sokolowski is a retired Canadian sprinter. He was a member of Canada's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics, which placed 8th. Alongside nearly every sprinter at the Scarborough Optimist Track and Field Club, Mike admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs at the Dubin Inquiry in 1989 and subsequently had his funding suspended.
Josep Maria Colomer Calsina is a political scientist and economist, author of numerous publications with comparative and theoretical studies.
Doping in figure skating involves the use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), specifically those listed and monitored by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Bans can be enforced on figure skaters by the International Skating Union (ISU) and each country's individual skating federation. These bans can often be career ending due to the competitive nature of figure skating. A ban may be revoked if it can be proved that the skater tested positive for a prescribed medication. Some figure skaters will use PEDs to help with recovery time, allowing them to train harder and longer. Figure skating is an aesthetic sport that combines both athleticism and artistic licence, where weight-loss substances will have little effect on athletic performance but skaters may be perceived as more graceful and sleek, which is required for an athlete to be competitive.