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The Duchess of Newcastle or the Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne usually refers to the wife or widow of a Duke of Newcastle. This title is sometimes used in the plural for the wives of several successive Dukes of Newcastle.
The title was first conferred in 1665 upon Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, wife of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1623–1673). She was the first Duchess of Newcastle. She was the daughter of Margaret Lucas, sister of Margaret Lucas, Countess of Bath.
The second creation was on 22 February 1694, when Margaret Cavendish (née Holles), Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, became Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. She was the widow of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle and the daughter of Thomas Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle and Catherine Poulett, 1st Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
On 24 October 1715, Harriet Godolphin (née Pelham), Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, became Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. She was the wife of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
On 22 September 1719, Catherine Pelham, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, became Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. She was the wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
On 12 June 1726, Anna Maria Stanhope, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, became Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. She was the wife of Thomas Pelham Clinton. The dukedom became extinct in 1988.