Dénes Lukács (colonel)

Last updated March 26, 2019

Dénes Lukács (1816 in Oradea – 1 April 1868 in Nádudvar ^[1]) was a lieutenant colonel in the Hungarian army and artillery commander.^[2]

Oradea is the capital city of Bihor County and Crișana region and one of the most important economic, social and cultural centers in the western part of Romania. The city is located in the north-west of the country, nestled between hills on the Crișana plain, on the banks of the Crișul Repede River, that divides the city into almost equal halves.

Nádudvar is a town in Hajdú-Bihar county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.

Lieutenant colonel (pronounced Lef-ten-ent Kernel or Loo-ten-ent Kernel ) is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence. Sometimes, the term, 'half-colonel' is used in casual conversation in the British Army. A lieutenant colonel is typically in charge of a battalion or regiment in the army.

As a young officer he taught the young Franz Joseph I of Austria artillery skills,^[3]^[4] but at the age of 32 he became was the main organiser of the Hungarian artillery during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and 1848/49 war of independence. Initially he was a lieutenant,^[5] but was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in January 1849 in Debrecen. He was not himself involved in frontline combat but was the organizer of artillery production, training of artillerymen and city defenses. He was evacuated as the Austrians advanced, until the Hungarian surrender.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of many other states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation. He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, as well as the third-longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history, after Louis XIV of France and Johann II of Liechtenstein.

Hungarian Revolution of 1848 European Revolution of 1848

The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of the many European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. The revolution in the Kingdom of Hungary grew into a war for independence from the Austrian Empire, ruled by the Habsburg dynasty.

Debrecen is Hungary's second largest city after Budapest. It is the regional center of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar county. It was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of the World War II in 1944–1945. It is home of the University of Debrecen.

In 1850 he was sentenced to death, but the sentence was reduced to 16 years' imprisonment of which he eventually served 6. While in the prison at Komárom he became the maker of the first globe in Hungary.^[9] Following his release from prison in 1856, he in 1860 became superintendent of an orphanage in Nádudvar till his death.

Komárom is a city in Hungary on the south bank of the Danube in Komárom-Esztergom county. Komárno, Slovakia, is on the northern bank. Komárom was formerly a separate village called Újszőny. In 1892 Komárom and Újszőny were connected with an iron bridge and in 1896 the two towns were united under the name city of Komárom. The fortress played an important role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and many contemporary English sources refer to it as the Fortress of Comorn

A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere. Globes serve similar purposes to maps, but unlike maps, do not distort the surface that they portray except to scale it down. A globe of Earth is called a terrestrial globe. A globe of the celestial sphere is called a celestial globe.

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The Second Battle of Komárom, sometimes known as the Battle of Ács, took place at 2 July 1849, between the Hungarian army led by General Artúr Görgei and the imperial army of Austria led by Field Marshal Julius von Haynau, which had also an almost 12 000 strong Russian contingent led by Lieutenant General Fyodor Sergeyevich Panyutyin. The imperial army outnumbered the Hungarian troops by 2 to 1, was superior also regarding the multitude of infantry and light as well as heavy (cuirassiers) cavalry unit types, and the quality of the weapons. Except the problems of military kind, problems of other kind also influenced negatively the Hungarian army. Short before the battle, the conflict between the Hungarian commander, Görgei, and the political leadership of Hungary, Lajos Kossuth and the Szemere-Government, escalated abruptly. The government lead by Kossuth, decided to retreat the Hungarian troops from the perfectly defendable Komárom to Southern Hungary, leaving half of the country in the hands of the enemy, without consulting the war minister Görgei, who was the only person with the right to take a military decision. Görgei considered this illegal decision as very wrong, but he accepted to execute it, in order to avoid the confrontation with the political leadership in such a critical military situation, fixing the date of the depart towards southern Hungary to 3 July. But despite of this, on 31 June Kossuth laid off Görgei from the high commandement of the Hungarian army, because he had read two of the latters letters in the wrong order. All these caused uncertainity and conflicts among the Hungarian officers and also soldiers before this very important enemy attack. Kossuth even sent Lieutenant General Lázár Mészáros to Komárom, to take the leadership from Görgei, and send him to Pest. But when Mészáros approached on 2 July, on a steam boat, to Komárom, he heard the gunshots of the battle, and returned to Pest.
The Austrian Supreme Commander Field Marshal Julius Jacob von Haynau's plan was to force the Hungarian troops to retreat in the fortress of Komárom, to lay, with a part of his army, a siege against it from the south, opening in this way the road towards Buda and Pest. After accomplishing this goal the bulk of Haynau's troops had to advance towards East, and occupy the Hungarian capitals, before his allies, the Russian main troops led by Ivan Paskevich, arrived there.
The battle started on the early morning of 2 July with the attack of the I corps led by General Franz Schlik of the imperial troops from the direction of Ács, chasing quickly away the Hungarians from the Ács forrest, then pushing them into the fortifications lying South from Komárom, and even capturing the Monostor-trenches, thus entering in the fortifications, menacing to occupy the whole southern fortification and trench system of the fortress, putting in danger the Hungarian troops from there, to be completely encircled.

The main aim of the third Battle of Komárom was to break through Haynau's blockade. Klapka took over the command of Görgey's army because of Görgey's injury. The Hungarian Government gave an order to the army to advance towards Maros. Görgey didn't follow the command because Haynau's army blocked the way south. The government gave a new order and on 11 July the Hungarian army started to attack the Austrians. New Hungarian troops arrived under the command of Ármin Görgey, and from Bátorkeszi under József Nagysándor.

Alajos Degré was Hungarian lawyer, legal historian, author and one of the key figures of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

References

↑ Erzsébet F. Kiss Az 1848-1849-és magyar minisztériumok 1987 "LUKÁCS Dénes (Nagyvárad. 1816— Nádudvar. 1868. ápr. I.) 1848-as honvéd tüzérezredes, a magyar tüzérség megteremtője."
↑ István Nemeskürty "Kik érted haltak, szent Világszabadság" 1977 "A honvéd tüzérség szervezói a pesti 5. tábori tüzérezred tisztjeiból kerültek ki. A tisztelet hangján emlékezünk meg Lukács Dénes és Mack József kiképzó és oktató túzmeste- rekról, a honvéd hadsereg késóbbi lelkes tagjairól; ..."
↑ Sándor Szilágyi Magyar nemzet története Volume 10 1898 "Rombauer Tivadar igazgatása alatt a fegyvergyár a nagyváradi várban, Lukács Dénes alezredes (Ferencz József tüzérségi tanára) vezetése mellett az ágyúöntő-intézet a szomszéd Pecze-Szent-Mártonban kezdett működni."
↑ Gábor Bóna Tábornokok és törzstisztek a szabadságharcban 1848-49 - 1983 "Lukács Dénes ezredes 446. Lukács Dénes honvéd ezredes 1816. Nagyvárad (Bihar m.)-1868. IV. 1. ... 24-től honvéd tüzér főhadnagy, tüzérségi előadó ugyanitt. IX. 28 (X. l)-tól százados, a honvédtüzérség szervezője. X. 19 (16)-től őrnagy, ..."
↑ Tamás Csikány Honvédtüzérség az 1848-49-es szabadságharcban 2000 "A tüzérségi osztály megszervezésére, majd irányítására Batthyány Lajos miniszterelnök április 24-én hadnagyi rendfokozatban Lukács Dénest, az 5. tüzérezred bombászkari őrmesterét nevezte ki.36 Lukács 1830-tól szolgált a cs. kir."
↑ Bernát Kocsis Válogatás a magyar hadügy írásaiból - 1986 UTASÍTÁS LUKÁCS DÉNESNEK 556 A LŐSZERGYÁRTÁS FOKOZÁSÁRA (Febr. 3. OL OHB. 1849: 1229. sz.) (Megjelent: KLÖM. ... 5 56 Lukács Dénes (1816-1868), cs. kir. tüzér hadnagy, a szabadságharcban előbb tüzér főhadnagy, végül ezredes és tüzérségi ..."
↑ Lajos Hentaller Kossuth és kora ... 1894 "Ennek folytán Makk József és Lukács tüzértisztek Pesten junius elején gyakorlati tüzértanfolyamot nyitottak ; sa tüzérség szervezését oly erélylyel folytatta e két hazafias szellemü tiszt, hogy 1849 január hó elején a magyar ..."
↑ Rikhárd Gelich Magyarország függetlenségi harcza, 1848--49-ben: Volume 3 - 1889 "Lukács Dénesnek, a tüzérségi pénztár számára 30000 "
↑ Der Globusfreund: Issues 43-44 Coronelli World League of Friends of the Globe, Internationale Coronelli-Gesellschaft für Globen- und Instrumentenkunde - 1995 "The plates and segments were prepared by Dénes Lukács in the Komarom prison. He was the main organiser of the Hungarian artillery during the 1848/49 war of independence and in 1850 he was sentenced to death, but pardoned and received 16 years of imprisonment. During his imprisonment to the order from Gustav."

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[1] Erzsébet F. Kiss Az 1848-1849-és magyar minisztériumok 1987 "LUKÁCS Dénes (Nagyvárad. 1816— Nádudvar. 1868. ápr. I.) 1848-as honvéd tüzérezredes, a magyar tüzérség megteremtője."

[2] István Nemeskürty "Kik érted haltak, szent Világszabadság" 1977 "A honvéd tüzérség szervezói a pesti 5. tábori tüzérezred tisztjeiból kerültek ki. A tisztelet hangján emlékezünk meg Lukács Dénes és Mack József kiképzó és oktató túzmeste- rekról, a honvéd hadsereg késóbbi lelkes tagjairól; ..."

[3] Sándor Szilágyi Magyar nemzet története Volume 10 1898 "Rombauer Tivadar igazgatása alatt a fegyvergyár a nagyváradi várban, Lukács Dénes alezredes (Ferencz József tüzérségi tanára) vezetése mellett az ágyúöntő-intézet a szomszéd Pecze-Szent-Mártonban kezdett működni."

[4] Gábor Bóna Tábornokok és törzstisztek a szabadságharcban 1848-49 - 1983 "Lukács Dénes ezredes 446. Lukács Dénes honvéd ezredes 1816. Nagyvárad (Bihar m.)-1868. IV. 1. ... 24-től honvéd tüzér főhadnagy, tüzérségi előadó ugyanitt. IX. 28 (X. l)-tól százados, a honvédtüzérség szervezője. X. 19 (16)-től őrnagy, ..."

[5] Tamás Csikány Honvédtüzérség az 1848-49-es szabadságharcban 2000 "A tüzérségi osztály megszervezésére, majd irányítására Batthyány Lajos miniszterelnök április 24-én hadnagyi rendfokozatban Lukács Dénest, az 5. tüzérezred bombászkari őrmesterét nevezte ki.36 Lukács 1830-tól szolgált a cs. kir."

[6] Bernát Kocsis Válogatás a magyar hadügy írásaiból - 1986 UTASÍTÁS LUKÁCS DÉNESNEK 556 A LŐSZERGYÁRTÁS FOKOZÁSÁRA (Febr. 3. OL OHB. 1849: 1229. sz.) (Megjelent: KLÖM. ... 5 56 Lukács Dénes (1816-1868), cs. kir. tüzér hadnagy, a szabadságharcban előbb tüzér főhadnagy, végül ezredes és tüzérségi ..."

[7] Lajos Hentaller Kossuth és kora ... 1894 "Ennek folytán Makk József és Lukács tüzértisztek Pesten junius elején gyakorlati tüzértanfolyamot nyitottak ; sa tüzérség szervezését oly erélylyel folytatta e két hazafias szellemü tiszt, hogy 1849 január hó elején a magyar ..."

[8] Rikhárd Gelich Magyarország függetlenségi harcza, 1848--49-ben: Volume 3 - 1889 "Lukács Dénesnek, a tüzérségi pénztár számára 30000 "

[9] Der Globusfreund: Issues 43-44 Coronelli World League of Friends of the Globe, Internationale Coronelli-Gesellschaft für Globen- und Instrumentenkunde - 1995 "The plates and segments were prepared by Dénes Lukács in the Komarom prison. He was the main organiser of the Hungarian artillery during the 1848/49 war of independence and in 1850 he was sentenced to death, but pardoned and received 16 years of imprisonment. During his imprisonment to the order from Gustav."