Edward Bradford Burns (1933-1995) was an American historian and university professor who specialized in Latin America, particularly Brazil and Nicaragua. [1]
Edward Bradford Burns (1933-1995) was an American historian and university professor who specialized in Latin America, particularly Brazil and Nicaragua. [1]
Born in Muscatine, Iowa, the son of Edward Sylvester and Wanda Adaline (Schwandke) Burns, he served in the US Naval Reserve from 1956 to 1959. He received his BA from the University of Iowa in 1954 and his MA from Tulane in 1955. After obtaining his PhD from Columbia University in 1964, he lectured at UCLA and Columbia. At UCLA, he was the first Dean of the Honors Division in the College of Letters and Science. [2]
Burns became briefly famous for his criticism of Ronald Reagan's stance on Nicaragua. It initially went unnoticed, such as when Burns wrote an article published in the NACLA Report on the Americas in 1983 about a North American Congress on Latin America visit to Nicaragua entitled "Reagan Hype Shuns Reality." [3] Then, President Reagan publicly criticized an editorial Burns published on the US's Nicaragua policy, which led to what the professor described as "15 minutes of fame," including an interview on "Nightline." The US President accused Burns of spreading "disinformation" about the presence of officers from Somoza's National Guard among the Contras. Burns wrote an article about this experience, entitled "Me and the Prez," which was published in the LA Weekly of March 28, 1985. [1] [4]
Burns's first book, The Unwritten Alliance: Rio-Branco and Brazilian-American Relations, won the Bolton Prize. [1] The Brazilian government awarded him the Order of Rio Branco in 1966. [5] A corresponding member of the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro [ Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute], his numerous works also include A History of Brazil,Patriarch and Folk, and a bibliographical essay that was the first in English to highlight the contributions of the Afro-Brazilian intellectual Manuel Querino. [6] [7]
In A History of Brazil, Burns denounced the repressive methods of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985: "Extensive documentation details, between 1964 and 1979, more than 283 types of torture inflicted on 'dissidents,' at 242 clandestine torture centers, by 444 individual torturers. Victims still remain uncounted and unidentified, but many who lived through the military terror have since publicly described their ordeal." [8]
A Professor Emeritus at UCLA, he died of liver cancer on December 19, 1995 and was survived by his mother, his sister, Karen Burns Kenny, and his life partner, David Aguayo. [1]
A caudillo is a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power. There is no precise English translation of caudillo, though it is often used interchangeably with "warlord" and "strongman". The term is historically associated with Spain, and with Hispanic America after virtually all of the region won independence in the early nineteenth century.
Rio Branco is a Brazilian municipality, capital of the state of Acre. Located in the valley of the Acre River in northern Brazil, it is the most populous municipality in the state, with 419,452 inhabitants, according to the 2021 census, almost half the state population. Rio Branco was one of the first settlements to develop in the region, being the westernmost major settlement in the country and the 4th-oldest state capital city in Northern Brazil, after Belém, Manaus and Macapá.
José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior, Baron of Rio Branco was a Brazilian noble, diplomat, geographer, historian, politician and professor, considered to be the "father of Brazilian diplomacy". He was the son of statesman José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco. The Baron of Rio Branco was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, occupying its 34th chair from 1898 until his death in 1912. As a representative of Brazil, he managed to peacefully resolve all Brazil's border disputes with its South American neighbours and incorporate 900 thousand square kilometers through his diplomacy alone.
Marlos Nobre is a Brazilian composer. He has received commissions from numerous institutions, including the Ministry of Culture in Spain, the Free University of Music of São Paulo, the Neuchâtel Chamber Orchestra in Switzerland, The Apollon Foundation in Bremen, Germany and the Maracaibo Music Festival in Venezuela. He has also sat on the juries of numerous international music competitions, including the Cità di Alessandria Prize, the Arthur Rubinstein Piano Master Competition and the Paloma O'Shea Santander International Piano Competition.
Based in Bogotá (Colombia), the Latin American and Caribbean Episcopal Council, better known as CELAM, is a council of the Roman Catholic bishops of Latin America, created in 1955 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Riordan Roett is an American political scientist specializing in Latin America. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University in political science and was a post-doctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was assistant professor (1967–1973) and acting director of the Center for Latin American Studies at Vanderbilt University and was the Sarita and Don Johnston Professor of Political Science and Director of the Western Hemisphere Program at the Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington, D.C. until 2018. He is now Professor and Director Emeritus of Latin American Studies Program at Johns Hopkins SAIS.
North American Congress in Latin America (NACLA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1966 to provide information on trends in Latin America and relations between Latin America and the United States. The organization is best known for publishing the quarterly NACLA Report on the Americas, and also publishes "books, anthologies and pamphlets for classroom and activist use". The NACLA Report on the Americas print magazine was briefly discontinued in 2015, but relaunched under the Taylor and Francis imprint Routledge in May 2016.
The main goal of the US foreign policy during the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) was ending the Cold War and the rollback of communism—which was achieved in the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe during 1989; in the German reunification in 1990; and in the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Historians debate whom to credit, and how much. They agree that victory in the Cold War made the U.S. the world's only superpower, one with good relations with former communist regimes in Russia and Eastern Europe.
Arikapú or Maxubí is an endangered Yabutian language.
Jewish Nicaraguans or Nicaraguan Jews are Nicaraguans of Jewish ancestry who were born in or have immigrated to Nicaragua. They are part of the ethnic Jewish diaspora.
Friendly bilateral relations now exist between Nicaragua and the United States. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, tensions were high and American intervention was frequent. In the 1980s, due to Red Scare paranoia and an attempt to put down socialism in the region, the U.S proceeded to wage an undeclared war against the left-wing Sandinista movement by funding the Contra groups until it was defeated in the election in 1990.
Gerard Henri Béhague was an eminent Franco-American ethnomusicologist and professor of Latin American music. His specialty was the music of Brazil and the Andean countries and the influence of West Africa on the music of the Caribbean and South America, especially candomblé music. His lifelong work earned him recognition as the leading scholar of Latin American ethnomusicology.
James Daniel Theberge was a United States ambassador to Nicaragua (1975–1977) and Chile (1982–1985).
The Monde languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family.
The history of Pernambuco can be roughly divided into two periods: first, when the region was a colony of Portugal and, second, when it was a component of the nation of Brazil. Not to be overlooked, however, are the established indigenous peoples of the region, numerous revolts and short-lived independence movements, French incursions, and a Dutch occupation.
Manuel Raimundo Querino was a prominent Afro-Brazilian artist and intellectual. Querino's pioneering ethnographic works focused on the contributions of Africans to Brazilian history and culture. Assessing his contributions, the historian E. Bradford Burns says, "Querino was the first black to write Brazilian history, a task to which he brought a much-needed perspective."
Events in the year 1902 in Brazil.
Conference on Latin American History, (CLAH), founded in 1926, is the professional organization of Latin American historians affiliated with the American Historical Association. It publishes the journal The Hispanic American Historical Review.
Alessandro Golombiewski Teixeira is a Brazilian economist. From April to May 2016, he was Brazil´s Minister of Tourism and left after Dilma Rousseff was impeached.
Joan Kruckewitt is an American journalist and writer. Kruckewitt has reported on Latin America and Europe for ABC Radio, Pacifica Radio, RKO, Mutual, NBC, Monitoradio, the Canadian Broadcasting Company, and NPR. She is the author of The Death of Ben Linder: The Story of a North American in Sandinista Nicaragua and has contributed to other books.
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